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Serial communication buses transmit data over physical networks like RS-232, RS-485 and the controller-area network (CAN). The buses are used in such applications as industrial process control, power supply regulation and point-to-point communications between computers.
Each of the interconnected systems usually has its own power supply, and the systems are often separated by long distances. Because of this, galvanic isolation is typically required to ensure physical safety, as well as to break up ground loops, protect the system from high-voltage transients and reduce signal distortion.
Transformers, coupling capacitors, optocouplers-and now, ADI's iCouplers-are typical means of providing galvanic isolation, which blocks current from flowing between two points while allowing data to pass unimpeded.
Benefits of isolation
Isolation is used to protect against high voltages or currents caused by line surges or ground loops, which can occur in any system that has many ground paths. System grounds that are separated by long cables will not be at the same potential, so ground current will flow between the two systems. Without isolation, this current could introduce noise, degrade measurements or even destroy system components.
Currents that are inductively coupled into the long cables found in industrial environments by...