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Abstract
Dental materials may provoke general or local pathologies and various immune-allergic manifestations. For example, metal allergies are triggered by environmental or - mainly - occupational factors, being more numerous in recent years, particularly through the introduction, in dentistry, of new types of dentures and implants. Zirconium is a transition metal with several beneficial effects, namely: biocompatibility, good aesthetics, slightly translucent fitting, efficient cohesion with ceramics. Pathological effects of zirconium: systemic toxicity (carcinogenic potential), raising syndrome oral allergic dermatitis. Allergists recommend a thorough knowledge on the medical history of patients, on the data of personal and hereditary allergic investigations confirming a possible sensitivity. General and specific allergic investigations for establishing a possible sensitivity to zirconium are: epicutaneous tests, serological tests (TTL) and, and confirmation of allergenic eviction. Equally, balancing of the benefit/cost ratio should be calculated.
Keywords: zirconium, oral allergic syndrome, dental medicine.
Dental materials may provoke general or local pathologies and various immune-allergic manifestations. Allergies to metals are triggered by environmental and occupational factors, particularly through the introduction, in dentistry, of new types of dentures and implants. Metals release metal ions which act as haptenes and proteins, forming complexes which can activate the immune system. The reactions to dental materials can be: immune-allergic [1], allergic, of type IV (delayed type LT-dependent) and of type I (immediate) - rare [2] - Figs. 1 to 3).
The toxic reactions produced by metals depend on their quantity, once known that toxins can block the receptors [4,5]. Magnetic resonance reactions may be produced by metals as well as by biophotonic emissions, thus influencing the cellular biochemical processes, provoking modifications which, in their turn, induce various pathologies; they are detected by bioenergetic methods. Clinical diagnosis for detecting the sensitivity to metals used in dental implants should be established carefully, after thorough investigations, possibly involving clinical autoanamnesis, as well. The clinical manifestations may be either local, of contact or general. Confirmation of the diagnosis of allergic sensitivity to materials used in dental implants is given by skin and serologic tests [6-9].
Epicutaneous tests (patch) confirm the sensitivity to dental materials, metals, epoxy compounds, gutta-percha [10]. The aspects to be solved refer to: a) is there any risk of hypersensitivity? b) may it cause an inflammatory reaction? c) or a...