Analyse de l'influence du milieu familial sur l'orientation vers les carrieres scientifiques non traditionnellles chez les etudiantes camerounaises des lycees d'enseignement technique industriel et commercial: une etude exploratoire

Abstract

La socialisation, principale cause de l'universel phenomene qu'est la sous-representation des femmes dans les domaines scientifiques-technologiques, se fait a travers la famille, l'ecole et les medias. Cependant, malgre la soumission des enfants aux exigences des parents, imposee par la culture camerounaise, seulement deux recherches empiriques (Cooksey, 1982; Ndongko & Woodhouse, 1993) evoquent l'impact de ces premiers agents de socialisation sur l'orientation professionnelle des filles. Il en decoule que la classe socio-economique des parents, le lieu de residence et les supports des membres de la famille peuvent l'influencer.

A partir d'une analyse de l'influence de la cellule familiale, la presente recherche vise a etablir un profil incitateur de l'orientatian des etudiantes camerounaises vers les carrieres scientifiques traditionnellement reservees aux hommes. Cinq sous-questions de recherche ont ete verifiees aupres des sujets inscrits en derniere annee du secondaire. Pour chacun des quatre lycees contactes, les echantillons retenus etaient composes de: cinq etudiants des techniques industrielles; cinq etudiantes des techniques administratives; toutes les etudiantes des techniques industrielles; et les parents ou tuteurs de ces dernieres. Une fiche de donnees personnelles pour chaque etudiant-e et deux entrevues semi-structurees, respectivement avec les filles des domaines non traditionnels et leurs parents ou tuteurs, ont ete adoptees comme instruments de mesure. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)

Abstract (AI English translation)

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Socialization, the main cause of the universal phenomenon that is the under-representation of women in scientific-technological fields, takes place through the family, school and the media. However, despite the submission of children to the demands of parents, imposed by Cameroonian culture, only two empirical studies (Cooksey, 1982; Ndongko & Woodhouse, 1993) evoke the impact of these first agents of socialization on the professional orientation of girls. . It follows that the socio-economic class of the parents, the place of residence and the supports of the members of the family can influence it.

Based on an analysis of the influence of the family unit, this research aims to establish an incentive profile for the orientation of Cameroonian female students towards scientific careers traditionally reserved for men. Five research sub-questions were verified with subjects enrolled in the last year of secondary school. For each of the four high schools contacted, the samples selected were made up of: five students in industrial techniques; five students of administrative techniques; all female students of industrial techniques; and their parents or guardians. A personal data sheet for each student and two semi-structured interviews, respectively with girls from non-traditional fields and their parents or guardians, were adopted as measurement instruments. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)