Content area
Abstract
Background and goalsRadiopharmaceuticals serve as tracers for nuclear medicine diagnostics and therapy. Using specific imaging methods conclusions about functional and metabolic disorders can be drawn from specific accumulation in the target tissue. The GMP radiopharmacy at the University Hospital Erlangen produces new and innovative non-approved radiopharmaceuticals for clinical use according to the current Strahlenschutzgesetz and Arzneimittelgesetz (AMG).
In this study, the radiopharmaceutical production of the GMP radiopharmacy was analyzed and evaluated considering legal requirements. For this purpose, the organizational and personnel structures, the necessary devices and systems as well as the product line of radiopharmaceuticals were specified and analyzed with regard to the EU-GMP guideline and AMG.
Internal processes and mechanisms, such as the validation procedure, the deviation management and the testing of starting materials were analyzed with regard to the EU-GMP guideline. In addition, the robustness of the processes and the drug safety of the products were reviewed, with respect to regulatory requirements and radiopharmaceutical-specific challenges.
MethodsThe current status of the organizational and personnel structures, clean room conditions and equipment as well as the radiopharmaceutical products was evaluated using the valid documents of the GMP radiopharmacy.
The number of produced batches of the GMP radiopharmacy was determined and evaluated for the period from 2014 to 2016.
The radioactivity yields of the radiopharmaceuticals 99mGa-PSMA-11, 99mTc-MIP-1404, 177Lu-DOTATOC and 18F-PSMA-1007 obtained in production in 2020 were determined and evaluated using linear regression analyses.
A validation of the [18F]fluoride solution produced in the cyclotron of the University Hospital Würzburg was executed in accordance with the specifications of the European Pharmacopoeia 10.5, monograph 01/2011:2390.
The validation of the production process of 18F-PSMA-1007 performed in 2019 was analyzed with regard to Annex 15 of the EU-GMP guideline. Radioactivity yields were evaluated using linear regression analyses.
The HPLC method for testing the chemical purity of 18F-PSMA-1007 was validated. The validation was executed in accordance with ICH guideline Q2(R1). The validation characteristics detection limit, quantification limit and specificity were analyzed. HPLC quality control test results of the parameters radiochemical purity and retention time obtained in production during 2020 were evaluated for 68Ga-PSMA-11, 68Ga-FAPI-04, 18F-PSMA-1007, 99mTc-MIP-1404, 177Lu-DOTATOC, and 177Lu-PSMA-I&T using linear regression analyses.
Deviations and batch suspensions that have occurred in radiopharmaceutical production since 2016 were identified and evaluated using a cause-and-effect analysis based on the Ishikawa method. An FMEA (Failure Mode and Effects Analysis) was performed to evaluate the risks of producing 99mTc-labeled radiopharmaceuticals according to § 13, 2b AMG in a conventional hot laboratory without cleanroom qualification.
The folder-based archiving system of the GMP radiopharmacy was analyzed with regard to the numbers of archived batch records since 2016.
ResultsThe team of the GMP radiopharmacy consists of five persons with senior roles in quality assurance, production, quality control and as qualified person.





