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Introduction
Social entrepreneurship was introduced in the 1970s to address the issue of social problems sustainably. The term "social entrepreneur" was first mentioned in 1972 by Joseph Banks in his seminal work named The Sociology of Social Movements , where he used the term to describe the need to use managerial skills to address social problems as well as to address business challenges. Social entrepreneurship practices emerged in the 1980s with the establishment of Ashoka, which is the first organization to support social entrepreneurs in the world ([6] Ashoka, 2009). In addition, the term "social innovation" was described in the work of [29] Drucker (1990), who wrote about the need for using management practices in non-profit organizations to increase the efficiency and effectiveness of producing social good.
Studying the phenomena of social entrepreneurship and explaining the social enterprises' unique behaviors, characteristics, and typologies will advance research for creating sustainable public wealth rather than just focusing on private wealth and business performance. While [72] Schumpeter's (1943, 2004) entrepreneurship theory led the literature on economic growth, social entrepreneurship theory might be a factor for social development through economically sustainable and viable models ([33] El Ebrashi, 2010). Social entrepreneurs focus on the creation of social impact and social change ([67] Nicholls, 2006; [54] Mair and Noboa, 2006) and social transformation ([2] Alvord et al. , 2004). Having said this, introducing and explaining new organization typologies focusing on social change and transformation will contribute to our understanding of how social organizations evolve, how conditions in the world affect these organizations, and how these organizations sustain social fabric ([24] Courpasson et al. , 2008).
The purpose of this research is to introduce a theory for social entrepreneurship based on integrating the entrepreneurship literature with an empirical research carried out using grounded theory. The social entrepreneurship theory introduces new organizational typologies for social entrepreneurial organizations, and it also studies the conditions, contexts, and motivations that bring about those typologies. Social entrepreneurship is embedded in the social sector or the citizen sector, which focuses on the creation of sustainable social change ([14] Bornstein, 1998). Studying how organizations evolve is crucial to the study of organizations ([26] Davis et al. , 2005), and introducing new typologies for social enterprises focusing on social...