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Abstract
Background:Mental health issues negatively impact engagement across the HIV care cascade. Women with HIV are more likely to experience worse overall mental health than men with HIV and are consequently at higher risk for poor HIV care outcomes. Given the synergistic interaction of HIV and mental illness, mental health interventions may have implications for HIV care. Specifically, the use of mental health services may improve the engagement of women across the HIV care cascade in addition to promoting mental well-being.
Objectives:The first manuscript aims to describe the movement of women with mental health symptoms or diagnoses across the HIV care cascade and determine the association between the use of mental health services and engagement in care cascade steps. The second manuscript describes the availability and use of mental health services and identifies characteristics associated with reporting shortages of these services that present a problem for their care.
Methods: Data from the Canadian HIV Women’s Sexual and Reproductive Health Cohort Study (CHIWOS) were analyzed. CHIWOS followed 1422 women with HIV over three waves at 18-month intervals between 2013 and 2018. For the first manuscript, participants were included if they had clinically significant depressive symptoms or reported a mental health diagnosis at baseline. Four HIV care states were defined among this group at baseline, 18 months, and 36 months: (1) unengaged in care (no contact with an HIV provider in the last year), (2) not on antiretroviral therapy (ART) (engaged in care but did not report ART use), (3) detectable (reported ART use and a detectable viral load), and (4) optimal(reported ART use and an undetectable viral load). Sankey diagrams were constructed to depict the trajectory of women over the waves, and multinomial regression models were used to assess the relationship between mental health service use and care state at baseline. In the second manuscript, descriptive statistics were used to analyze women’s reports of the availability and their use of mental health services at HIV clinics and alternate sites. Logistic regression models were employed to determine associations between baseline characteristics and reported problematic shortages of mental health services.
Results: 898 participants (63.2% of the cohort) had significant depressive symptoms or mental health diagnoses at baseline, of which 33% reported using mental health services. In our adjusted model, service use was significantly associated with engagement in the optimalstate [adjusted odds ratio (aOR): 1.72, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.07-2.77], but not with the detectable state (aOR: 1.67, 95% CI: 0.92-3.03). Among the entire cohort (n=1422), 38%, or 541 participants, reported that a shortage of services was a problem in their care. Only 28.5% (n=154) of this subset used mental health services in the last year, which most accessed at their HIV clinic. When characterizing the availability and use at HIV clinics, 22.1% (n=119) of those reporting a problematic shortage used services, 26.5% (n=143) indicated that services were available but did not access them, and 51.4% (n=277) either reported unavailable services, did not know if services were available, or were unengaged in HIV care.





