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Web End = J Plant Growth Regul (2015) 34:845872 DOI 10.1007/s00344-015-9541-6
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Web End = Plant Growth Regulators: Backgrounds and Uses in Plant Production
Wilhelm Rademacher1,2
Received: 6 May 2015 / Accepted: 9 August 2015 / Published online: 13 October 2015 Springer Science+Business Media New York 2015
Abstract Plant growth regulators are widely used in modern agriculture, horticulture and viticulture. True plant growth regulators interfere directly with the plants hormonal status. They are represented by plant hormones or their synthetic analogs, by inhibitors of hormone biosynthesis or translocation and by hormone receptor blockers. Atypical plant growth regulators act by displaying a local and/or transient phytotoxic effect. Approximately 40 active ingredients are in use, applied either as a single component or as combinations. Many plant developmental processes can be actively regulated in cultivated plants, for example, acceleration or delay of seed germination, dormancy breaking in woody perennials, stimulation or reduction of shoot elongation, induction of owering and fruiting, reduction or increase of fruit set, acceleration or delay of senescence processes including fruit ripening and defoliation. The achieved benets range from facilitating crop management to increasing and securing yield and quality of the harvested produce and improving its storage and shelf life. Systematic use of plant growth regulators started in the 1930s. Current global annual sales are in the range of US$ 1.2 billion.
Keywords Plant growth regulator Plant bioregulator
Growth retardant Plant hormone Synthetic analog
Biosynthesis inhibitor Receptor blocker
Introduction
Plant growth regulators (PGRs) can be dened as naturally occurring or synthetic compounds that affect developmental or metabolic processes in higher plants, mostly at low dosages. They do not possess a nutritive value and, typically, are not phytotoxic. The name plant growth substances may equally be used. Newcomers might associate such compounds primarily with an increase or reduction in longitudinal plant growth. Because a multitude of other processes can also be affected, such as owering, fruit formation, ripening, fruit drop, defoliation, or quality traits, the term plant bioregulator would be an even better choice and is used as well. Because of more...