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ABSTRACT This study was designed to determine the pattern of zygomatic bone fracture, etiology and treatment options. The term pattern in this study was used for the sites/processes of zygomatic bone fracture. The variables evaluated were age, gender, sites of fracture and treatment options. A total of 81 patients with zygomatic bone fracture were treated in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery unit, Khyber College of Dentistry, Peshawar for a period of one year from July 2007 to June 2008. Majority of patients were young males in 3rd and 4th decade. Male to female ratio was 12.5:1. Road traffic accidents (76.5%) were the most common and interpersonal violence 2.5% as the least common etiology of zygomatic bone fracture. In 28.4% patients, zygomatic bone was fractured at single site while in 71.6% it was fractured at more than one. Fracture at zygomatic buttress and infraorbital rim (27.2%) in combination was most common finding.
Twenty three percent patients did not require treatment, 32.1% zygomatic bone fractures were reduced indirectly and 44.4% were reduced directly by open reduction and internal fixation.
Key words: Zygoma, Zygomatic bone fracture, Khyber College of Dentistry INTRODUCTION The face occupies the most prominent position in the human body and rendering it vulnerable to injuries quite commonly.1 The zygomatic bone or zygoma is a strong buttress of lateral portion of middle third of facial skeleton2 and is responsible for midface contour and protection of orbital contents.3 The prominence of zygomatic bone predisposes it to bear the brunt of facial injuries1. Fractures of zygomatic complex are among the most frequent in maxillofacial trauma.4,5 The inci-dence of zygomatic complex fracture has a proportion-ate increase with rise in the facial bone fractures associated with the ever escalating hazards of modern transportation.4 Zygomatic region is involved in 42% of facial fractures6 and accounts for 64% of all middle third fractures.7 The etiology of zygomatic bone fracture varies from country to country due to social, cultural and environmental factors8, which include road traffic acci-dents, assault, fall, sports and missile injuries. The relative contributions of these factors varies from region to region.9 The role of RTA as an etiologic factor in zygomatic complex fractures is identified in many studies.5,10,11 Fractures of zygomatic complex appear common in young adult males.9,12,13 They can...