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ABSTRACT
The paper unrivalled that how the economic development and migration intimately related to each other in the case of Punjab, where the success of Green Revolution strategy attracted influx of migratory labour. The available census data of 1981-2001 on the migration inflows in the state revealed that internal migration had picked up rapidly during the 1990s. Compared to the intra-state (short distance) movement, inter-state (long distance) migration grew faster here. Basically, this paper deals with the theoretical reinterpretations and policy implications of internal migration in the state. To understand trends and determinants of internal migrants, various migration parameters such as the types and streams of migration were discussed. These migration trends were calculated by analysing the secondary data flowing from the Migration Tables of 1981, 1991 and 2001. In addition, it has tried to suggest an alternate public policy to overcome socio-economic problem arises due to such migration.
Keywords: Internal Migration, Economic Development, Inter- District, Intra- District, Inter- State, Sex Ratio, Determinants of Internal Migration.
INTRODUCTION
Mainstream growth economists (Harris and Todaro, 1970; Todaro, 1976; Oberai and Singh, 1983; Oberai, 1987; Bhagat, 2009) opined that migration and economic development are intimately related to each other, more so in the less developed counties (LDCs). Surging economic growth of any economy/region certainly generates more employment opportunities for the labour and also enhances labour's mobility within the country/region. Such movements of labour within the country/region are known as internal migration. In the LDCs, internal migration, particularly rural-urban migration stream, led to growth of urbanization and related problems of sharing scarce civic amenities. Kuznets's theory of structural changes which predicted a significant shiftof rural labour to industrial sites located in or near by urban settings came true (Kuznets, 1973), more favourably in India. For instance, 205 lakh people in India, which accounted for 30 percent of India's urban growth, moved from the rural to the urban areas in the 1990s (RGI, 2005).
Internal migration in India during the past three decades showed a rising trend. In 1981, out of 6653 lakh of India's total population, 1919 lakh people (28.83 percent) were the migrants by place of last residence. Further, absolute number of internal migrants increased from 2318 lakh (27.64 percent) in 1991 to 3145 lakh (30.57 percent)...