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INTRODUCTION:
Nursing theory is a conceptualization of some aspect of reality that pertains to nursing. Ida Jean Orlando was born in 1926. She was one of the first nursing theorists to write about the nursing process based on her own research (Orlando, I. J. 1972).
DEVELOPMENT OF THEORY:
In the late 1950, Orlando developed her theory inductively through an empirical study of nursing practice. From observations she formulated the "Deliberative nursing process "which was published in 1961.
ASSUMPTION OF THE THEORY:
Distress is the experience of a patient whose need has not been met. Nursing role is to discover and meet the patient's immediate need for help. Patient's behaviour may not represent the true need. The nurse validates his/her understanding of the need with the patient. Nursing actions directly or indirectly provide for the patient's immediate need. An outcome is a change in the behavior of the patient indicating either a relief from distress or an unmet need. Observable verbally and nonverbally.
CONCEPTS:
Five Major Interrelated Concepts:
* Functions of professional nursing
* Presenting behaviour
* Immediate reaction
* Nursing process discipline
* Improvement
Functions of professional nursing organizing principle:
Nursing thought - Does the patient have an immediate need for help or not? Finding out and meeting the patient's immediate needs for help. The purpose of nursing is to supply the help a patient requires for his needs to be met
Presenting behavior:
To find out the immediate need for help the nurse must first recognize the situation as problematic. The presenting behaviour of the patient, the stimulus causes an automatic internal response in the nurse and the nurse's behaviour causes a response in the patient. Two types of behavior are as follows Verbal behavior: Encompasses patient's language. It may take the form of complaints, requests, questions, refusals, demands, comments or statements. Non verbal behaviour: Physiological manifestations such as heart rate, perspirations, urinations and motor activity (walking).Vocal behaviour such as sobbing, laughing, shouting and sighing.
Immediate reaction:
Person perceives with any one of his five sense organs an object. The perceptions stimulate automatic thought. Each thought stimulates an automatic feeling and the person acts.
Nurse's reaction: Nurse's reaction comprised of three sequential parts.:
1. First the nurse perceives the behavior through her senses
2....