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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
* There is a growing body of evidence of the relationship of nurse staffing to patient, nurse, and financial outcomes.
* With the advent of big data science and developing big data analytics in nursing, data science with the reuse of big data is emerging as a timely and cost-effective approach to demonstrate nursing value.
* The Nursing Management Minimum Date Set (NMMDS) provides standard administrative data elements, definitions, and codes to measure the context where care is delivered and, consequently, the value of nursing.
* The integration of the NMMDS elements in the current health system provides evidence for nursing leaders to measure and manage decisions, leading to better patient, staffing, and financial outcomes.
* It also enables the reuse of data for clinical scholarship and research.
THE ADOPTION OF computer, information, and communication technologies in health care systems offers opportunities to develop big data sets, support big data analytics, and demonstrate the value of nursing with the goal of achieving the Quadruple Aim of improved health, improved patient experience of care, lower costs, and improved work life of health care providers (Bodenheimer & Sinsky, 2014). For decades, minimum data sets have been created to include only essential data for specific purposes, such as patient assessments in home care and nursing homes (Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, 2009; Stoker, 2003), billing data (Delaney, Reed, & Clarke, 2000), and registries (Murray & Barnes, 1971). Nursing has two minimum data sets recognized by the American Nurses Association: the Nursing Minimum Data Set (NMDS) (Werley & Lang, 1988), which represents essential nursing clinical data, and the Nursing Management Minimum Data Set (NMMDS) representing the context of nursing care (Huber, Delaney, Crossley, Mehmert, & Ellerbe, 1992; Simpson, 1993). In nursing, these data sets are supported by standardized terminologies with standardized measures that foster description of care delivered, the setting in which it occurs, and the influence on quality nursing measures and patient outcomes. Adopting standardized data sets with the variable definitions/measures described by recognized nursing minimum data sets may further provide a robust resource to measure the Quadruple Aim.
The development of information systems increased the opportunity to acquire standardized data sets, which enable descriptions and comparisons of patient care and discovery of nursing...