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ABSTRACT
Nanomaterials and Nanotechnologies attract tremendous attention in recent researches. New physical properties and new technologies both in sample preparation and device fabrication evoke on account of the development of nanoscience. Various research fields including physics, chemists, material scientists, and engineers of mechanical and electrical are involved in this research. Synthesis of nanomaterials that are synonyms to quantum confined atom is an important milestone in the pursuit. Materials scientists and engineers have made significant developments in the improvement of methods of synthesis of nanomaterial solids. In this review various methods of preparing nanomaterials including Gas Condensation, Vacuum Deposition and Vaporization, Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) and Chemical Vapor Condensation (CVC), Mechanical Attrition, Chemical Precipitation, Sol-Gel Techniques, Electrodeposition are discussed.
KEWORDS: Nanoparticles, Surfactant, Efydrolysis, electrodeposition.
I. INTRODUCTION
The man in his quest for knowledge has been conceiving and developing physical world and its components in bigger than the biggest and smaller than the smallest dimensions of mass, length and time. Though the smallest entity with individual characteristic features that was established happened to be an atom of an element but realization of the single atom in physical form and serving mankind remained a dream till recently. It is achieved through the development of nanocrystaline materials, discovery of concept of quantum confined atom and synthesis of doped nanocrystaline materials. Investigation of growth mechanism of nanoparticles is present large scientific and practical interest. As, nanoparticles with given size and characteristics are required in nanotechnology. Nanoparticles growth mechanism determines distribution function of nanoparticles on size, physical-chemical properties of nanoparticles medium and etc. Because of, known of growth mechanism give possibility control of preparation of nanoparticles and to obtain nanoparticles with given parameters (mean diameter, standard deviation, coefficient polydispersity and other) and characteristics (magnetic moment). Nanoparticles growth mechanism is enough complex process and depended from many conditions (temperature, viscosity, concentration of medium and etc.). Conditions determinant of nanoparticle growth are changed in the dependence on method preparation of nanoparticles. Materials scientists and engineers have made significant developments in the improvement of methods of synthesis of nanomaterial solids [1-3]. A brief review is given in this article.
II. SYNTHESIS OF NANOMATERIAL
It is classified as bottom-up manufacturing which involves building up of the atom or molecular constituents as against the top...