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Campbell Ian , The Plot to Kill Graziani: The Attempted Assassination of Mussolini's Viceroy , Addis Ababa University Press , 2010. Reprinted 2015 by Eclipse, Addis Ababa. ISBN 978-99-944-5234-7 .
Campbell Ian , The Massacre of Debre Libanos, Ethiopia 1937: The Story of One of Fascism's Most Shocking Atrocities , Addis Ababa University Press , 2014. ISBN 978-99-944-5251-4 .
Campbell Ian , The Addis Ababa Massacre: Italy's National Shame . London : Hurst , 2016. ISBN 978-18-490-4692-3 .
Dominioni Matteo , Lo sfascio dell'impero. Gli italiani in Etiopia 1936-1941 , Rome and Bari : Laterza , 2008. ISBN 978-88-420-8533-1 .
Sáska László , Fascist Italian Brutality in Ethiopia, 1935-1937: An Eyewitness Account , translated from the Hungarian by Béla Menezer, edited by Balázs Szélinger, Trenton, NJ : Africa World Press , 2015. ISBN 978-15-690-2416-4 (PB), 978-15-690-2415-7 (HB).
If Only I Were That Warrior. Directed by Valerio Ciriaci. Produced by Isaak Liptzin for Awen Films in collaboration with Centro Primo Levi, New York. 72 minutes. 2015.
Just before noon on 19 February 1937 nine hand grenades were thrown during an alms-giving ceremony in the courtyard of the Gennete-Li'ul Palace in the Ethiopian capital, Addis Ababa. Originally built for Emperor Haile Selassie, the palace had been occupied by the Italians less than a year earlier as their administrative headquarters after they had invaded the country from three sides, defeated the Emperor's forces with the help of bombs and poison gas and proclaimed their sovereignty and their civilised superiority.
The principal target of the attack was Marshal Rodolfo Graziani, whom Mussolini had installed as viceroy and who was officiating at the ceremony, flanked by other dignitaries. An estimated three thousand Ethiopian people, most of them poor and elderly and many with disabilities, were crowded in the courtyard and in an adjoining field. Graziani was wounded by shrapnel but not killed and he was promptly driven to hospital. The front of the palace was heavily guarded. Ninety-four Italian soldiers, thirty carabinieri and twenty-five askari - colonial troops recruited from Italy's other African colonies - responded to the attack, which had injured several other people as well as Graziani, by firing into the crowd. They used two large Fiat-Revelli machine guns mounted on tripods on the palace balcony as...