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J Polym Environ (2011) 19:447484 DOI 10.1007/s10924-011-0287-3
ORIGINAL PAPER
Ionic Liquids as Environmentally Friendly Solvents in Macromolecules Chemistry and Technology, Part I
Shadpour Mallakpour Zahra Raee
Published online: 2 March 2011 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2011
Abstract With the increasing emphasis on the environment and the need to nd environmentally friendly solvent systems, ionic liquids (IL)s have been emerging as promising green solvents to replace conventional solvents in recent years. They possess unique properties such as non-volatility, low toxicity, ease of handling, nonammability and high ionic conductivity; thus they have received much attention as green media for various chemistry processes. This report provides an extensive overview of use of ILs in polymers chemistry and technology.
Keywords Ionic liquids Green chemistry
Polymers synthesis and modications
Abbreviations[AMIM][Cl] 1-Allyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride [B4P][Cl] Tetrabutylphosphonium chloride [BDMIM][PF6] 1-Butyl-2,3-dimethylimidazolium hexauorophosphate [BIEMIM][PF6] 1-(2-Bromoisobutyryloxyethyl)-3-methylimidazolium hexauorophosphate
[BIM][BF4] 1-Butylimidazolium tetrauoroborate [BIM][TSA] 1-Butylimidazolium p-toluenesulfonate[BIM][NO3] 1-Butylimidazolium nitrate [BMIM][BF4] 1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrauoroborate[BMIM][Cl] 1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride [BMIM][AlCl4] 1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrachloroaluminate [BMIM][SnCl3] 1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium chlorostannate[BMIM][H2PO4] 1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium dihydrogen phosphate [BMIM][HSO4] 1-Butyl-1-methylimidazolium hydrogen sulphate
[BMIM] [MDEGSO4]
S. Mallakpour (&)
Organic Polymer Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Isfahan Universityof Technology, 84156-83111 Isfahan, Irane-mail: [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]
S. MallakpourNanotechnology and Advanced Materials Institute, Isfahan University of Technology, 84156-83111 Isfahan, Iran
Z. RaeeDepartment of Chemistry, Yasouj University, 75914-35 Yasouj, Iran
1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium diethylene glycol monomethyl ether sulfate[BMIM][N(CN)2] 1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium dicyanamide[BMIM][OctSO4] 1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium octyl sulfate[BMIM][PF6] 1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexauorophosphate [BMIM][Tf2N] 1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(triuoromethanesulfonyl)amide [BMMor1,4][BF4] N-butyl-N-methyl morpholinium tetrauoroborate[BMPyrr][Tf2N] N-butyl-N-methylpyrrolidinium bis(triuoromethane sulfonyl)amide[BPyr][Cl] N-butylpyridinium chloride[BPyr][AlCl4]
N-butylpyridiunium tetrachloroaluminate [Bu4N][Br] Tetrabutylammonium bromide
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448 J Polym Environ (2011) 19:447484
[OTf] Triuoromethanesulfonate [C18MIM][Cl] 1-Octadecyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride[CnMIM][PF6] 1-Alkyl-3-methylimidazolium hexauorophosphate [CnPyr][Tf2N] N-alkylpyridinium bis
(triuoromethanesulfonyl)amide [DEME][Tf2N] N,N-diethyl-N-(2-methoxyethyl)
ammonium bis(triuoromethane sulfonyl)amide[C12MIM][BF4] 1-Dodecyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrauoroborate[EDMIM][Tf2N] 1-Ethyl-2,3-dimethylimidazolium bis(triuoromethanesulfonyl)amide [EIM][TFA] 1-Ethylimidazolium triuoroacetate [EMIM] 1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium [EMIM][AlCl4] 1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrachloroaluminate[EMIM][OTf] 1-Ethyl-2,3-dimethylimidazolium triuoromethanesulfonate [EMIM][HexSO4] 1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazoliumhexyl sulfate[EMIM][I] 1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium iodide [EMIM][Tf2N] 1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(triuoromethanesul-fonyl)amide [EMIM][TSA] 1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tosylate [EMIM][EtSO4] 1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium ethylsulfate[EtNH3][NO3] Ethylammonium nitrate [HMIM][BF4] 1-Hexyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrauoroborate[HPyr][Tf2N] N-hexylpyridinium bis
(triuoromethanesulfonyl)amide [IM][BF4] Imidazolium tetrauoroborate [Me3S][Tf2N] Trimethylsulfonium bis
(triuoromethanesulfonyl)amide [MMIM]Me2PO4] 1,3-Dimethylimidazolium dimethylphosphate [OMIM][BF4] 1-Octyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrauoroborate[OMIM][PF6] 1-Octyl-3-methylimidazolium hexauorophosphate[PF6] Hexauorophosphate [PMIM][PF6] 1-Propyl-3-methylimidazolium hexauorophosphate[Tf2N] Bis(triuoromethanesulfonyl)amide
AFM Atom force microscopyAN AcrylonitrileANI AnilineATR-FTIR Attenuated total reection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy ATRP Atom transfer radical polymerization
BA Butyl acrylateBLG-NCA c-Benzyl-L-glutamate-N-carboxyanhydrideBMA n-butyl methacrylateBPO Benzoyl peroxideCAL-B Candida antarctica lipase BChMI N-cyclohexylmaleimideCTA Chain transfer agentDCM DichloromethaneDPHLi Diphenylhexyl lithiumDSC Differential scanning calorimetry DSSC Dye sensitised solar cellsEC Ethylene carbonateEOX 3-Ethyl-3-hydroxymethyloxetane EPN-Br Ethyl-2-bromopropionateEQCM Electrochemical quartz-crystal microbalance[Et4N][BF4] Tetraethylammonium tetrauoroborate
GMA Glycidyl methacrylateGTP Group transfer...