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ABSTRACT
The National Intelligence Model, described as a 'model for policing', defines a process for setting priorities and a framework in which problem solving can be applied. Its strength is a systematic approach that demands standard products and consistent methods of working, which ensure high levels of ownership and accountability. The problem solving approach can also work within this framework. It provides techniques to assist in analysis and develops the tasking and co-ordinating mechanism through multi-agency partnerships, which can deliver more sustainable solutions.
KEY WORDS intelligence problem solving analysis partnership
INTRODUCTION
The requirement for the police to work alongside partners to tackle crime and disorder is made out in Government policy and legislation, and is also endorsed by Her Majesty's Inspectorate of Constabulary (HMIC) as well as the Association of Chief Police Officers (ACPO). However whilst the majority of police forces explicitly support this approach there is considerable evidence to show that implementation has not been systematic (see Bullock & Tilley, 2003), which has resulted in a considerable waste of resources.
The ACPO working group on 'problem solving' was formed with the overall purpose of assisting forces to use problem oriented approaches to make sustainable reductions in the fear and actual levels of crime and disorder in the most cost-effective way. The group started by conducting a present position survey of the 43 police forces in England and Wales, in relation to their use of problem solving approaches. Amongst its findings practitioners reported considerable confusion as to how problem oriented approaches integrated with the National Intelligence Model (NIM); a finding corroborated by academics monitoring NIM implementation. As John and Maguire (2003: 39) reported, 'As POP is already well established in several forces, the compatibility of the two models may have an impact upon the implementation of the NIM and how easily it is accepted and understood by officers on the ground'.
This abridged paper, which comes from a much larger piece of work prepared in conjunction with the Police Standards Unit, is an attempt to provide clarity in this area and will show that both methods have strengths that complement each other. The sections that follow show how each depend on an infrastructure to succeed, how they both support a tiered response and finally...