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Abstract
Genus Acinetobacter belongs to the family Neisseriaceae. Acinetobacter spp. can be found in soil, water and in health care facilities, especially in the intensive care units (ICU).
It is the most common Gram negative germ, found on the skin of hospital personnel. It could be recovered from patients on ventilator systems or with tracheostomy. Healthy people can have throat carriage. It has the ability to survive in various environmental conditions and it has multiple resistance mechanisms.
As a hospital germ, it mainly affects patients in the ICU, especially those requiring mechanical ventilation or those from trauma or burn units. Patients with diabetes mellitus or chronic lung disease have a high risk of infection with A. baumannii.
It is an opportunist found in hospitalized patients, causing pneumonia, skin and soft tissue infections, meningitis, urinary tract infections, bacteremia, endocarditis, intra-abdominal abscesses. It is the major pathogen in traumatic wounds, postoperative incisions, and burns.
A. baumannii has different resistance mechanisms, like: plasmids, transposons, integrons, carbapenemase and β-lactamase synthesis, porins, efflux pumps.
Its antibiotic susceptibility profile has changed over time, such that infections with A. baumannii are becoming a significant public health problem worldwide.
Keywords: Acinetobacter spp., resistance mechanisms, immunosuppressedpatients, nosocomial infections
Rezumat
Genul Acinetobacter face parte din familia Neisseriaceae, fiindgermeni ubicuitari. Acinetobacter poate fiîntâlnitla nivelul solului, apei, darp in incinta spitalelorp mai ales in secpile de terapie intensiva.
Este cel mai común microorganism Gram negativîntâlnit pe pielea personalului din spital p a fostîn tâlnit frecven t la pacienpi ventilap sau eu traheostomä sau la persoanele sànâtoase ca p purtdtori la nivelul faringelui. Are abilitatea de a rezista in diverse condipi de mediu ppoate avea multiple mécanisme de rezistenfâ.
Cap germen de spital, Acinetobacter spp. afecteazàîn special pacienpi din secpile de terapie intensiva, mai ales cei care necesita ventilare mecánica, darppe cei din secjiHe cupacienp arp sau eu traumatisme grave. Pacienpi eu diabetzaharat sau boald puimonard crónica au rise crescutde infeepe cu A. baumannii.
La pacienpi imunodeprimap, acesta poate determina pneumonie, infeepi alepieliip alefesuturilormoi, meningita, infeepi de tract urinar, bacteriemie, suprainfeepa pldgilor, endocarditö, abcese intraabdominale, suprainfeepa in tervenpilor ch irurgicale.
A. baumannii are diverse mécanisme de rezistenfä:plasmide, transpozomi, integroni, sinteza de carbapenemazep ß-lactamaze, porine, pompe de eflux.
Profilul sensibilitäpi la antibiotice s-a modificatîn timp, infeepa cu A....