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I. Dünya Sava§i esnasmda taarruz cephelerinden olan Kafkas Cephesi Sarikami§ bölgesinde Allahuekber Daglannda büyük trajedi ile kar§ila§ilmasindan sonra, Ruslarm yeni sal din planlari ile ileri harekâta geçtikleri görülmektedir. Ruslarm ileri harekât planlanna baktigimizda; Gürcü Bogazi, Dumlu baski altina alinarak Ilica süvari birlikleri ile tutulacaktir. Buna paralel olarak Haydari Bogazi alinarak 111 cada birleçen iki kuvvetle Osmanli III. Ordusu imha edilecektir. Mart sonlarmda harekâta geçmeye balayan Rus ilerleyiçine karçihk 3 Mayista X. Kolordu Komutam durumu III. Orduya bildirmiç ve Osmanli III. Ordusu da savunma hazirhgi yaptigi görülmektedir. ilk önce 9 Mayis 1915'te III. Ordu karargâhi Oltu'dan Tortum'a ta§inmi§ ve bölgede baçarih olarak hayata geçen I. ve II. Tortum Muharebeleri gerçekle§mi§tir. Ancak personel azligi, ikmal ve irtibat eksikligi sebepleriyle ileri harekâtta sikmtilar ya§anmi§tir. I. ve II. Tortum Muharebeleri ba§anh olmalarina ragmen Horasan ve Pasinler bölgesindeki yenilgiler neticesiyle Tortum cephesi boçaltilarak Osmanli Ordusu geri çekilmek zorunda kalîmçtir.

Çalienada I. ve II. Tortum Muharebeleri detayli olarak incelenmiçtir.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Tortum Muharebeleri, Rus ilerleyiçi, Osmanli Savunma Hath, Sarikami§ Harekati.

ABSTRACT

Subsequent to facing with the great tragedy at the Allahuekber Mountains in the Sarikamis area of the Caucasian front, one of the attacking fronts during World War I, it was seen that the Russians got into a forward operation with new attack plans. When we look at the Russians' forward operation plans; The Georgian strait and Dumlu would be kept under pressure and occupied by Ilica cavalry units. Correspondingly, Haydari strait would be conquered and Ottoman III. army would be destroyed with two forces united in Ilica. In response to the Russian progress which had begun in late March, X.corps commander reported the situation to the III. army on 3 th May, and it was seen that Ottoman III. army was preparing for the defense. First, III. army headquarters was moved from Oltu to Tortum on 9 May 1915, and I. and II. Tortum battles, which were won in the region, took place. But, due to insufficiency of personnel, lack of supply and contact; difficulties were faced in the forward operation. Despite I. and II. Tortum battles were successful, due to the defeats in Horasan and Pasinler districts, the Tortum front was evacuated and the Ottoman Army had to retreat.

In the study, I. and II. Tortum battles...

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