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Galvydyte D. CONTRIBUTION OF GEOGRAPHERS INTO THE SOIL SCIENCE OF LITHUANIA. Annales Geographicae 42(1-2), 2009.
Abstract. The present article represents a survey of soil science development in Lithuania before and after World War II. As soil research is closely linked with other natural sciences, the contributions of specialists from other fields of research including geography have always been important for soil science development. The works of geographers can be classified according to the aspects and subjects of research: mapping of the soils based on the old and new classifications, evaluation of the productivity of Lithuanian soils, solution of environmental pollution issues, studies of temperature regime of soils, content of carbonates in morainic formations, etc. After the adoption of the new soil classification, there occurred a problem how to make use of the works based on the old classification. A study has already appeared introducing correlation methods helping to convert the old research data to the new ones.
References 364. In Lithuanian, summary in English.
Keywords: soil science development, geographers, contribution, new and old classifications
Received: 10 November 2008, accepted: 14 October 2009.
(ProQuest: ... denotes formulae omitted.)
Ivadas
Dirvozemis yra pavirsinis Zemes sluoksnis, susiformaves keturiu geosferu (litosferos, hidrosferos, atmosferos ir biosferos) salycio ir saveikos zonoje ir uzimantis krastovaizdzio vertikaliajame pjuvyje viduriniaja dali. Todel dirvotyra, budama savarankiskas mokslas, yra glaudziai susijusi su kitais ivairiais gamtos mokslais: geografija, geologija, biologija, fizika, chemija, krastotyra ir ypac su jos viena naujausiu krypciu - landsaftu geochemija. Be to, dirvotyra, kadangi dirvozemis yra maisto ir misko gamybos baze, turi glaudu rysi ir su taikomaisiais mokslais: zemdirbyste, agrochemija, zemetvarka, melioracija, gamtosauga ir kt. Taigi dirvotyra pletoja ivairiu sriciu mokslininkai, bet siame straipsnyje apzvelgiamas geografu inasas i sio mokslo aruodus.
1. Dirvozemio mokslo raida pasaulyje ir Lietuvoje
Dirvozemiu zmones pradejo dometis jau nuo tada, kada pradejo verstis zemdirbyste. Tai susje su senosiomis Egipto, Babilono, Romos kulturomis, o dirvozemio mokslas pradejo vystytis n uo IX amziaus. Ivairiose salyse dirvotyra pletojosi skirtingai, pavyzdziui, Vokietijoje ji buvo susijusi su geologija, Rusijoje ir JAV ji vystesi kaip savarankiskas mokslas.
Lietuvoje dirvozemiu pradeta dometis jau nuo Valaku reformos (1557), kada zemes pradetos skirstyti pagal nasuma, o dirvotyros mokslo pradzia sietina su Vilniaus universiteto Agronomijos katedros profesoriaus M. Ocapovskio [218], kurio ideju formavimuisi itakos turejo Vakaru Europos...