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Abstract

Forensic art is a field of forensics which developped from the mingling of science and plastic art. It is in fact a general term to describe 5 sub-branches of activity: facial reconstruction, sketch, post-mortem portrait, the portrait resulting from the exploitation of surveiance images, facial aging. These five sub-branches can be approached from a 2D perspective, graphic, digital and from a 3D perspective, sculptural and digital.

Key words: forensic sculptural art, modeling technique, sculptural sketch, facial reconstruction.

Rezumat

Arta criminalistica este un domeniu al criminalística care s-a format din îngemanarea stiinfei cu arta plastica. Este, de fapt, un termen general pentru a descrie 5 subramuri de activitate: reconstrucpa facíala, portretul robot, îmbatrânirea facíala, portretul postmortem si portretul rezultat din exploatarea imagi nilor de supraveghere. Cele 5 subramuri de activitate pot fi abordate din perspectiva 2D, grafie si digital precum si din perspectiva 3D, sculpural si digitai.

Cuvinte cheie: arta criminalistica sculpturale, tehnica modelajului, portretul robot sculptural, reconstructie facíala.

I. FORENSIC ART SCULPTURE AROUND THE WORLD

One of the pioneers of facial reconstruction sculpture is Russian scientist Mikhail Gerasimov, who in 1935 modeled the head of a man from the skull and compares the sculpture with the photos of the man in recent years of his life He determines the shape of the mouth, after the position and shape of teeth, the position of the eyes to the bridge of the nose and orbital bone, ear position, in relation to the mandibular branch. .1

Among the leading forensic artists who have approached the sculpture field we can include Karen Taylor, who is professor of forensic art for over 20 years at FBI Academy. She was declared "Woman of the century in Texas" for her success in the forensic art.

Dr.Caroline Wilkinson is an anthropologist, a forensic artist, and a professor at the University of Dundee in Scotland. She developes her activity also at the Centre for Anatomy and Human Identification in Scotland Her research focuses on the relationship between soft and hard tissues of the face, reconstruction of infant, face recognition, anthropometry and facial...

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