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Abstract: This study reports on the psychometric properties of the Five-Factor Nonverbal Personality Questionnaire (FF-NPQ) in a sample of 1,112 people. The FF-NPQ is a non-verbal measure of the Big Five personality dimensions (Extraversion, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, Neuroticism, Openness to Experience). The presented psychometric measures include scale internal consistencies, intercorrelations, and convergences with two verbal Big Five measures. Gender and age differences are reported. Furthermore, the ability to predict other psychological constructs such as well-being is addressed.
Key words: nonverbal personality measurement, Five-Factor Model, The Five-Factor Nonverbal Personality Questionnaire, FF-NPQ
INTRODUCTION
There has recently been an increasing interest in the application of the Five-Factor Model to research as well as clinical and applied settings. The interest is also reflected in the need for reliable instruments measuring the individual-differences dimensions.
The instruments can be classified into two major groups. Methods in the first group use adjectives in the self-rating scales. Examples of the first group's measures are e.g., Goldberg's Big Five adjective markers (Goldberg, 1990, 1992) and its reduced version (Saucier, 1994), the Revised Interpersonal Adjective Scales-Big Five (IAS-R-B5; Trapnell, Wiggins, 1990), the 23 Bipolar Big Five questionnaire (23BB5; Duijsens, Diekstra, 1995), the Short Adjective Checklist to measure the Big Five (SACBIF; Perugini, Leone, 1996) and the Czech Big Five Markers (CBFM; Hfebickova, Urbanek, Cermak, 2000).
The second group includes scales whose items are formulated as short sentences. Internationally, the Revised NEO Personality Inventory and NEO-Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-PI-R, NEO-FFI; Costa, McCrae, 1992) are the most widely validated instruments for assessing the Five-Factor Model. In Europe, two other five-factor based inventories were created: in The Netherlands, the Five-Factor Personality Inventory (FFPI; Hendriks, 1997), and in Italy, the Big Five Questionnaire (BFQ; Caprara et al., 1993).
There are also measures that cannot be classified into either of the above two groups. John, Donahue, and Kentle's (1991) Big Five Inventory (BFI) contains a short-phrase-item format that is more concrete than single adjective items but is of a lower complexity than the sentence format used by NEO questionnaires. Goldberg (2001) had the same goal when constructing the International Personality Item Pool (IPIP).
Paunonen and co-workers (Paunonen, Ashton, Jackson, 2001) constructed a measure of the Big Five personality factors in a fashion entirely different from those mentioned above. They developed...