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The genesis of this study lies in Elizabeth Bishop'sfamous poem, "One Art. " A villanelle, it stands out luminously against the background of contemporary poetics, the lingering legacy of modernist free verse and the many branches of experimental post-modernist poetry in the United States. It stands apart, with Theodore Roethke among the few precursors, claiming a traditional fixed poetic form-the 6-stanza villanelle-as a valid medium for expressing the late-twentieth-century concerns of a scholarly, peripatetic, lesbian poet. Formally, it is an anachronistic appropriation; aesthetically, it is a triumph. The questions triggered by Bishop's poem and explored by this paper are three-fold: first, the adequacy of existing terminology for defining the refrain, where we propose the need for a new term:polysemic repetend. Our second question addresses the perceived global influence of "One Art. " We then turn to the presence of the villanelle in Slovenian poetics and consider how Bishop has been translated, since we assume that the formal complexity of the metrical and rhyme arrangement will present a challenge for the translator (Veno Taufer). The study thus works towards a modest appreciation of parallel New Formalist aesthetics between American and Slovenian poetry.
Keywords: American poetry / Bishop, Elizabeth / vilanelle / refrain / polysemic repetend / Slovenian translations / Taufer, Veno
Ključne besede: ameriška poezija / Bishop, Elisabeth / vilanela / polisemični refren / literarno prevajanje / prevodi v slovenščino / Taufer, Veno
Povod za nastanek tega prispevka je znana pesem Elizabeth Bishop ?Ena umetnost? (?One Art?), ki kot vilanela izstopa v sodobni poetiki: združuje dolgotrajno zapuščino modernističnega svobodnega verza in številne veje eksperimentalne postmoderne poezije v Združenih državah Amerike. Podobno kot Ted Roethke tudi Elizabeth Bishop priznava tradicionalno šestkitično pesniško obliko z angleškim poimenovanjem ?villanelle? ali ?vilanelle? kot primeren medij za izražanje razmišljanja razgledane peripatetične lezbične pesnice poznega 20. stoletja. Formalno gre za anahronistično prisvajanje; v estetskem smislu gre za triumf. Vprašanja, ki jih odpira pesem Elizabeth Bishop in si jih ta prispevek zastavlja, so predvsem tri: prvo se dotika ustreznosti obstoječe terminologije za opredelitev koncepta refrena - tu avtorja predlagava vpeljavo novega termina: polisemični refren (angl. polysemic repetend). Drugo vprašanje se posveča globalnemu vplivu pesmi ?One art?. Nato prispevek obravnava prisotnost vilanele v slovenski poetiki ter se posveti slovenskemu prevodu vplivne vilanele ?Ena...