EFFECTS OF WELL - KNOWN FORMS OF IMPROVISED EXPLOSIVE DEVICES USING HOME - MADE ANFO EXPLOSIVES

Headnote

Abstract: The paper is focused on the research of effects of improvised explosive devices (in the form of suicide belt, vest, car etc.) using home-made ANFO (Ammonium Nitrate and Fuel Oil) explosives as a body of the IED. ANFO explosive is chosen due to its spread using in the terroristic attacks. Field test of ANFO explosives are described in the paper. The effect of such IED is compared with the IEDs made from the TNT explosives.

Keywords: Blast wave, ANFO explosives, improvised explosive devices, stand-off distances.

1 INTRODUCTION

Europe influenced by the refugee crisis due to the conflict in Syria, Iraq, Afghanistan, Yemen and the other gets to the political and security crisis in these days. European politicians cannot respond to the potential arrival of terrorists from the Islamic State, A1 Qaeda and Al Nasr to Europe, their integration from the existing structures or to the manifestations of right-wing extremism, xenophobia and racism. All these factors create the conditions of the increased activity from the both sides of this very specific conflict that could lead to terroristic attacks. The largest group of technical means used in terrorist acts are firearms weapons and explosives respectively IEDs. While firearms are mainly obtained from illegal trade, much of explosives can be prepared with the available chemicals, commonly used in industrial and agricultural sectors.

Transport infrastructure is often chosen as a potential target of terrorist activities, mainly due to the large number of people who are predictably concentrated (time and space) to a certain place. Any organized terrorist = antisocial action has the potential to cause massive loss of life, health and property, but also to provoke a negative psychological effect on society. One of the most destructive action of terrorist groups is the using of improvised explosive device. Their consequences are often fatal and it is necessary to know the mechanisms of distribution and ways to protect against them, not only people but also objects of transport infrastructure.

2 EFFECTS OF WELL-KNOWN FORMS OF IMPROVISED EXPLOSIVE DEVICES ANFO EXPLOSIVES

2.1 ANFO EXPLOSIVES

ANFO explosive is a widely used explosive mixture. It can be prepared industrially or it can also be made at home very easily.

From the chemical-technological point of view it is possible to differentiate three...