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Introduction
Writing is one of the most important skills for all human beings in the world. According to Graham et al. (2013), writing is important for all people in all sides of their lives; people use writing to keep in touch with their relatives, friends, colleagues, customers, etc; they can use writing in telling stories, sharing information, exchanging experiences, delivering thoughts, expressing ideas and creating imagined worlds. Besides, writing is a useful tool for learning and it is a necessary element for students’ success in schools. Students use writing to transmit information; it can be used to “gather, preserve and transmit information widely.” Therefore, we can say writing has a great influence on others.
Writing is also an important skill in language learning. Due to its importance, several research studies have been conducted on how to develop learners’ writing skills. Some of these research studies have dealt with the process of writing (Abbas, 2016; Al-Ghrafy, 2018; Bayat, 2014; Koh, 2017). Others have concentrated on the final product of the writing process or compared the product with the process approaches (Hasan and Akhand, 2010; Olson et al., 2011; Philbin and Spirek, 1996).
Technology is fast becoming a key instrument in language learning. As learning writing is a principal component of language learning, technological devices have a crucial role in both English as a Foreign Language (EFL) and English as a Second language (ESL) writing training, especially in the past 20 years. In recent research studies, writing and technology are increasingly paired and the role of technology in improving writing is widely investigated (Alharbi, 2019; Barrot, 2020; Iwasaki et al., 2019; Karami et al., 2019; Kessler, 2020; Pearson et al., 2005; Tam, 2012; Wihastyanang et al., 2020). A considerable amount of studies have been published on the effect of computers and their different applications on the development of learners’ writing abilities (Abdul Fattah, 2015; Ahmed, 2015; Ahmed, 2013; Bikowski and Vithanage, 2016; Janfaza et al., 2014; Kashani et al., 2013; Khalil, 2017; Khoshsima and Sayadi, 2016; Lam et al., 2018).
Findings from different studies conducted to examine the effect of technology on writing were summarized in several reviews (Goldberg et al., 2003; Little et al., 2018; Williams...