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Chlorine can be prepared on a laboratory scale by reaction of MnO^sub 2^ with HCl:
The chlorine produced can be bubbled into water, which is a standard method used to prepare chlorine water (C12 in water) for laboratory use. In water, chlorine reacts as but since the equilibrium favors Cl^sub 2^ + H^sub 2^O, not much HCl and HOCl are formed. The same equilibrium mixture could be obtained by mixing equal mole amounts of HCl and HOCl in water. HOCl is not readily available; but its sodium salt (while not stable in the pure form) is available in the form of aqueous solutions of sodium hypochlorite. Mixing HCl solutions with sodium hypochlorite solutions gives the familiar greenish color of chlorine in water. The reaction of HCl and sodium hypochlorite can be written as Calculations based on the hydrolysis constant for eq 5 (obtained from K^sub w^ for water and...