Development of a novel calcium phosphate cement composed mainly of calcium sodium phosphate with high osteoconductivity

J Mater Sci: Mater Med (2014) 25:15051517 DOI 10.1007/s10856-014-5181-9

Development of a novel calcium phosphate cement composed mainly of calcium sodium phosphate with high osteoconductivity

Masashi Tanaka Mitsuru Takemoto Shunsuke Fujibayashi

Toshiyuki Kawai Masako Tsukanaka Kimiaki Takami Satoshi Motojima

Hikaru Inoue Takashi Nakamura Shuichi Matsuda

Received: 21 November 2013 / Accepted: 14 February 2014 / Published online: 27 March 2014 Springer Science+Business Media New York 2014

Abstract Two novel calcium phosphate cements (CPC) have been developed using calcium sodium phosphate (CSP) as the main ingredient. The rst of these cements, labeled CAC, contained CSP, a-tricalcium phosphate (TCP), and anhydrous citric acid, whereas the second, labeled CABC, contained CSP, a-TCP, b-TCP, and anhydrous citric acid. Biopex-R (PENTAX, Tokyo, Japan), which is a commercially available CPC (Com-CPC), and OSferion (Olympus Terumo Biomaterials Corp., Tokyo, Japan), which is a commercially available porous b-TCP, were used as reference controls for analysis. In vitro analysis showed that CABC set in 5.7 0.3 min at 22 C and had a compressive strength of 86.0 9.7 MPa after 5 days. Furthermore, this material had a compressive strength of 26.7 3.7 MPa after 2 h in physiologic saline. CAC showed a statistically signicantly lower compressive strength in the presence of physiologic saline and statistically signicantly longer setting times than those of CABC. CABC and CAC exhibited apatite-forming abilities in simulated body uid that were faster than that of Com-CPC. Samples of the materials were implanted into the femoral condyles of rabbits for in vivo analysis, and

subsequent histological examinations revealed that CABC exhibited superior osteoconductivity and equivalent bioresorbability compared with Com-CPC, as well as superior osteoconductivity and bioresorbability compared with CAC. CABC could therefore be used as an alternative bone substitute material.

1 Introduction

Autogenic bone grafts have been used in a number of areas, including bone replacement and for the enhancement of fracture repair and bone loss resulting from large defects after the fracture or the curettage of bone tumors [1]. Bone grafts of this type still represent the gold standard in terms of the treatment of bone loss because they afford good levels of osteoconductive capacity in the harvested material [24]. There are, however, several disadvantages associated with the use of autografts including their limited supply, the requirement for second-site surgery...