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1. Introduction
In recent times, garbage has already become an issue in many countries that need to be addressed, including in Indonesia (Putra et al., 2019). The waste volume relating to the disposal system is the typical example of a problem that needs to be solved because of its effects on the environment (Kang et al., 2020). However, this problem is not followed by a waste management system that is capable of solving the disposal issues in society (Loganayagi and Jeyabharathi, 2019; Rashinkar, 2017). This is also made worse by the low public awareness about the harmful effect of their act by littering waste in the environment. Therefore, the recycling system is proposed to be a reasonable solution to this problem, especially when the garbage can be transformed into something usable by society, such as organic waste. However, depending only on the stakeholder to provide the recycle system, without involving the society, will cause a bottleneck in the process because the waste source is also derived from the household. Therefore, providing a system that is devoted to processing the household waste as an upstream side, which will expedite the recycling process and help to manage the overall problem (Sakai et al., 2017).
As previously mentioned, the household waste that is dominated by organic waste can be composted into liquid fertilizer through specific treatment (Wen et al., 2018; Stabnikova et al., 2005). This is an alternate solution to solve the garbage disposal problem by providing a system that recycles organic wastes, which is placed in the household environment. It is also considered a solution that helps to reduce environmental damage from the “upstream” side (Abdullah and Chin, 2010). Furthermore, this approach is expected to increase the awareness of society regarding waste disposal problems by inviting them to be a part of the solution. In response to the above statement, this study proposed a household-friendly system in the form of a smart waste bin that is able to compose organic trash into liquid fertilizer using micro bacteria. The result can therefore be sold as natural fertilizer products to improve soil fertility (Li et al., 2013; Mäder et al., 2002). Therefore, the integration of smartphones and the internet of things (IoT)...