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Planta (2009) 230:725735DOI 10.1007/s00425-009-0980-9
ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Degradation analysis of Reactive Red 198 by hairy roots of Tagetes patula L. (Marigold)
Pratibha Patil Neetin Desai Sanjay Govindwar Jyoti Prafulla Jadhav Vishwas Bapat
Received: 27 February 2009 / Accepted: 26 June 2009 / Published online: 18 July 2009 Springer-Verlag 2009
Abstract Tagetes patula L. (Marigold) hairy roots were selected among few hairy root cultures from other plants tested for the decolorization of Reactive Red 198. Hairy roots of Tagetes were able to remove dye concentrations up to 110 mg L-l and could be successively used at least for ve consecutive decolorization cycles. The hairy roots of Tagetes decolorized six different dyes, viz. Golden Yellow HER, Methyl Orange, Orange M2RL, Navy Blue HE2R, Reactive Red M5B and Reactive Red 198. Signicant induction of the activity of biotransformation enzymes indicated their crucial role in the dye metabolism. UVvis spectroscopy, HPLC and FTIR spectroscopy analyses conrmed the degradation of Reactive Red 198. A possible pathway for the biodegradation of Reactive Red 198 has been proposed with the help of GCMS and metabolites identied as 2-aminonaphthol, p-aminovinylsulfone ethyl disulfate and 1-aminotriazine, 3-pyridine sulfonic acid. The phytotoxicity study demonstrated the non-toxic nature of
the extracted metabolites. The use of such hairy root cultures with a high ability for bioremediation of dyes is discussed.
Keywords Biodegradation Hairy roots
Lignin peroxidase Reactive Red 198 Tagetes
AbbreviationsABTS 2,20-Azinobis, 3-ethylbenzothiazoline-
6-sulfonic acidB5 Gamborg et al. mediumMS medium Murashige and Skoog medium NADH-DCIP Dichlorophenol indophenolSE Standard errorYEB Yeast extract broth
P. PatilDepartment of Microbiology,Shivaji University, Kolhapur 416004, India
N. DesaiDepartment of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Padmashree Dr. D.Y. Patil University,Navi Mumbai 400614, India
S. Govindwar J. P. Jadhav (&)
Department of Biochemistry, Shivaji University, Kolhapur 416004, Indiae-mail: [email protected]
J. P. Jadhav V. Bapat
Department of Biotechnology, Shivaji University, Kolhapur 416004, India
Introduction
Global industrialization has resulted in the release of large amounts of potentially toxic compounds into the biosphere (Senan and Abraham 2004). Environmental damage by several industrial toxic chemicals and gases is causing serious threats and damaging the natural habitat severely. Cleaning up of the environment by the removal of hazardous contaminants is a crucial and challenging problem needing numerous approaches to reach long-lasting suitable solutions. The textile industries use different chemical dyes and daily discharge millions...