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Abstract: Cyclopes didactylus (Linnaeus, 1758) is a small, arboreal anteater commonly called the silky anteater. This nocturnal denizen of diverse forests has a disjunct range with a western population from Central America into South America and an eastern population in the Atlantic rain forest of Brazil. The main population of C. didactylus is listed as ''Least Concern'' by the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources, but habitat loss and sugarcane production threatens its habitat in the Atlantic rain forest.
Key words: anteater, Edentata, edentate, South America, Xenarthra
© 26 September 2012 American Society of Mammalogists
Synonymies completed 17 January 2011
DOI: 10.1644/895.1
Cyclopes Gray, 1821
Myrmecophaga Linnaeus, 1758:35. Part.
Mirmecophaga Brongniart, 1792:115. Part. Incorrect subsequent spelling of Myrmecophaga Linnaeus, 1758.
Cyclopes Gray, 1821:305. Type species Myrmecophaga didactyla Linnaeus, 1758, by monotypy.
Cyclothurus Gray, 1825:343. Nomen nudum.
Didactyles F. Cuvier, 1829:501. Based on ''Les Didactyles,'' no species mentioned.
Myrmydon Wagler, 1830:36. Type species Myrmecophaga didactyla Linnaeus, 1758, by monotypy.
Myrmecolichnus Reichenbach, 1836:51. Type species Myrmecolichnus didactylus Reichenbach, 1836 (¼ Myrmecophaga didactyla Linnaeus, 1758), by monotypy.
Eurypterna Gloger, 1841:112. Type species Eurypterna didactyla Gloger, 1841 (¼ Myrmecophaga didactyla Linnaeus, 1758), by monotypy.
Cyclothurus Lesson, 1842:152. Type species Cyclothurus didactyla Lesson, 1842 (¼ Myrmecophaga didactyla Linnaeus, 1758), by monotypy.
Myrmidon Cabrera, 1958:206. Attributed to Wagner 1844:211. Incorrect subsequent spelling of Myrmydon Wagler, 1830.
Cycloturus Sclater, 1871:546. Unjustified emendation of Cyclothurus Lesson, 1842.
Didactyla Liais, 1872:356. Type species Myrmecophaga didactyla Linnaeus, 1758, by monotypy.
Cycloturus Flower and Lydekker, 1891:193. Incorrect subsequent spelling of Cyclothurus Lesson, 1842.
Mamcyclothurus Herrera, 1899:19. Unavailable name (Gardner 2007).
Cycloturus Goeldi and Hagmann, 1904:97. Incorrect subsequent spelling of Cyclothurus Lesson, 1842.
CONTEXT AND CONTENT. Order Pilosa, suborder Vermilingua, family Cyclopedidae. Synonymy modified from Gardner (2005, 2007).
Cyclopes didactylus (Linnaeus, 1758) Silky Anteater
[Myrmecophaga] didactyla Linnaeus, 1758:35. Type locality ''America australi;'' restricted to ''Surinam'' by Thomas (1911:132).
Mirmecophaga dydactyla Brongniart, 1792:115. Incorrect subsequent spelling of didactyla Linnaeus, 1758.
Myrmecophaga monodactyla Kerr, 1792:105. Type locality unknown.
Myrmecophaga unicolor Desmarest, 1822:375, footnote. Type locality unknown. Name attributed to ' E. Geoffroy St.-Hilaire.
Myrmecolichnus didactylus: Reichenbach, 1836:51. Name combination.
Eurypterna didactyla: Gloger, 1841:112. Name combination.
Cyclothurus didactyla: Lesson, 1842:152. Name combination.
Cyclothurus dorsalis Gray, 1865:385. Type locality ''Costa Rica.''
Mamcyclothurus didactylos Herrera, 1899:19. Unavailable name...