Kulturna Dimenzija Razvoja Urbanog I Ruralnog Društva u Procesu Modernizacije i Evrointegracije Srbije (Istraţivanje Kulturne Participacije Gradskog i Seoskog Stanovništva Grada Niša)

Abstract

U radu se zastupa stanovište da je društveni razvoj i modernizaciju Srbije, poreddominantno izraženih ekonomskih, političkih i tehnoloških promena, neophodnoposmatrati i u kontekstu promena koje nastaju u sferi kulture. Ovo imajući u vidu da sekulturni kapaciteti u savremenim, modernim društvima sve više prepoznaju kaorazvojni resursi, a kultura kao četvrta dimenzija održivog razvoja (pored ekonomske,socijalne i ekološke). Kulturna dimenzija razvoja sagledava se kroz povezanostkulturnih faktora – tradicije, vrednosti, kulturnih praksi, načina života – i društvenograzvoja,uz promišljanje kvaliteta i intenziteta njihovih međusobnih uticaja.

Prvi deo rada posvećen je teorijskoj problematizaciji postavljene teme,sociokulturološkom i istorijskoanalitičkom pristupu aktuelnom stanju kulture urbanog iruralnog društva Srbije i analizi nalaza relevantnih evropskih i domaćih istraživanja. Udrugom delu rada prikazani su i interpretirani rezultati samostalnog empirijskogistraživanja kulturne dimenzije razvoja, operacionalizovane istraživanjem kulturneparticipacije ispitanika Grada Niša. Pažnja je naročito bila usmerena na razumevanjevrednosti i kulturnih praksi (aktivnosti, potreba, navika) teritorijalnih supkultura –urbane i ruralne, a time i njihovog odnosa prema procesima modernizacije ievrointegracije Srbije, kao i njihovog položaja i razvojne uloge u tim procesima.Istraživanje je zasnovano na komplementarnosti deskriptivnog i eksplanatornogpristupa, uz primenu različitih metoda (analiza sadržaja, komparativno-analitičkimetod, statističke metode i dr.). Kao osnovni instrument istraživanja, korišćen jekombinovani upitnik.

Dubinski analitički uvid u slojevitu stvarnost savremenog srpskog društva ikulture, kao i analiza postavljenih indikatora istraživanja potvrđuju polaznupretpostavku da se kultura ne percipira kao posebno bitna dimenzija ličnog i društvenograzvoja u procesima modernizacije srpskog društva. Analiza učešća ispitanika ukulturnim aktivnostima (kulturnoj potrošnji, proizvodnji i kulturnoj interakciji), analizanjihovih kulturnih navika i potreba, potvrdila je generalno ograničen obim i nizak nivokulturne participacije i sociokulturnog aktivizma. Velikom broju ispitanika Grada Niša,naročito onima koji žive u seoskim i prigradskim sredinama, koji su nižeg stepenaobrazovanja i koji osećaju negativna ekonomska dejstva tranzicije, kultura neobezbeđuje smisao svakodnevnoj egzistenciji, niti kultura predstavlja suštinskupretpostavku promene sopstvenog položaja u društvu i transformacije društva u celini.

Brojni istraživački nalazi potvrdili su društvenu predisponiranost kulturnihpraksi i ambivalentan odnos ispitanika prema procesu evrointegracije Srbije.Takođe,primećene su izvesne vrednosne promene kod seoskih ispitanika u pogledu slabljenjakrutog, nekritičkog vezivanja za tradiciju, ka nešto fleksibilnijem odnosu premapromenama i većoj interkulturnoj senzibilisanosti.

Alternate abstract:

This dissertation supports the claim that the social development and modernization of Serbia, in addition to the dominant economic, political and technological changes, should also be viewed in the context of the changes which occur in the cultural sphere. Naturally, bearing in mind that the cultural capacities in the current, modern society are recognized more and more often as developmental resources, and culture as the fourth dimension of sustainable development (in addition to the economic, social and ecological one). The cultural dimension of development is viewed through the relation that exists between cultural factors – tradition, values, cultural practices, way of life – and social development,with a study of the quality and intensity of their interrelations.

The first part of this dissertation is devoted to the theoretical problematization of the proposed, topic, the socio-cultural and historical analysis approach to the current state of the culture of the urban and rural society of Serbia and the analysis of the relevant findings of research carried out at the European and local level. In the second part of this dissertation, the results of an independent empirical study of the cultural dimension of development are presented and analyzed, operationalized by a study of the cultural participation of the citizens of the city of Niš. Special attention was paid to the understanding of the values and cultural practices (activities, needs, habits) of the territorial subcultures – the urban and rural one, and thus their relationship towards the processes of modernization and Serbian European integrations, as well as their position and developmental role in these processes. The study was based on the complementary nature of the descriptive and explanatory approach, with an application of various research methods (content analysis, comparative-analytical method, statistical methods and so on). The basic research instrument was the combined questionnaire.

In-depth analytical insight into the hierarchical reality of the modern Serbian society and culture, as well as an analysis of the established indicators of the study confirm the initial hypothesis that culture is not perceived as a specially important dimension of personal and social development in the processes of the modernization of Serbian society. An analysis of the participation of the respondents in cultural activities (cultural spending, production and cultural interaction), and an analysis of their cultural habits and needs, have confirmed a generally limited extent and low level of cultural participation and socio-cultural activism. For a great majority of the respondents from the city of Niš, especially those who reside in rural or city-adjacent areas, who have a lower education and who feel the negative economic effects of the transition, culture does not provide any sense for their daily existence, nor does culture represent an essential assumption of change in their own position in society and the transformation of society as a whole.

Numerous research results have confirmed the social predisposition of cultural practices and the ambivalent relation of the respondents to the process of Serbian European integrations. In addition, certain value changes among the respondents living in the rural areas were noted, in terms of a weakening of the rigid, non-critical bonding to tradition towards a more flexible relationship towards change and greater intercultural sensitivity. This indicates that the modernization of society has conditioned a series of essential transformations of basic values and patterns of life, especially the patterns of human interaction and communication, through the incessant manifestation of a strong interrelationship between the urban and rural society and their cultures.