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Web End = Annals of Biomedical Engineering, Vol. 43, No. 9, September 2015 ( 2015) pp. 20362046 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-014-1245-8
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Web End = Cathepsins in Rotator Cuff Tendinopathy: Identication in Human Chronic Tears and Temporal Induction in a Rat Model
SONG P. SETO,1 AKIA N. PARKS,1 YONGZHI QIU,1 LOUIS J. SOSLOWSKY,2 SPERO KARAS,3 MANU O. PLATT,1,4
and JOHNNA S. TEMENOFF1,4,5
1W.H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, 313 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA; 2McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, University of Pennsylvania, 424 Stemmler Hall, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; 3Department of Orthopaedics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA; 4Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, 315 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA; and 5W.H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Tech/Emory University, 315 Ferst Drive, Rm 2305, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
(Received 19 October 2014; accepted 29 December 2014; published online 6 January 2015)
Associate Editor Michael S. Detamore oversaw the review of this article.
AbstractWhile overuse of the supraspinatus tendon is a leading factor in rotator cuff injury, the underlying biochemical changes have not been fully elucidated. In this study, torn human rotator cuff (supraspinatus) tendon tissue was analyzed for the presence of active cathepsin proteases with multiplex cysteine cathepsin zymography. In addition, an overuse injury to supraspinatus tendons was induced through downhill running in an established rat model. Histological analysis demonstrated that structural damage occurred by 8 weeks of overuse compared to control rats in the region of tendon insertion into bone. In both 4- and 8-week overuse groups, via zymography, there was approximately a 180% increase in cathepsin L activity at the insertion region compared to the controls, while no difference was found in the midsubstance area. Additionally, an over 400% increase in cathepsin K activity was observed for the insertion region of the 4-week overused tendons. More cathepsin K and L immunostaining was observed at the insertion region of the overuse groups compared to controls. These results provide important information on a yet unexplored mechanism for tendon degeneration that may...