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PALABRAS CLAVES: Clusters de empresas, Dependencia funcional y Dependencia productiva.

KEYWORDS: Companies clusters, Functional dependence and Productive dependence.

Clasificación JEL: D21

RESUMEN:

El objetivo de este estudio empírico consiste en identificar las principales características del tejido empresarial que se asocian con mayores niveles de dependencia funcional y de dependencia productiva. Para ello, se ha seleccionadoun conjunto de empresas representativas de las tres Comunidades Autónomas económicamente más desfavorecidas (Andalucía, Extremadura y Murcia) y de las tres más ricas (País Vasco, Navarra y Madrid). Los resultados, obtenidos a través de un análisis descriptivo, factorial y cluster, señalan que las empresas que presentan dependencia funcional y productiva se caracterizan por ubicarse en regiones con menor nivel de renta per cápita y elevado paro, por ser microempresas, constituidas a través de una Sociedad Limitada o Cooperativa, pertenecientes al sector de la construcción y por encontrarse en una fase de actividad incipiente.

ABSTRACT:

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this empirical study is to identify the main characteristics of business in terms of functional dependence and productive dependence, carrying out in two groups of Spanish regions: a first group with high level of GDP per capita in comparison with the national average (Madrid, Basque Country and Navarre) and a second group of regions with low GDP per capita (Extremadura, Andalusia and Murcia). The analysis intends to obtain several clusters of companies, according to their degree of functional dependence and productive dependence, and to classify them by size, sector, legal form and firms' stage of activity.

In this regard, a better understanding of the business type can lead to a policy-making of support for more selective and efficient SME, from the point of view of their contribution to economic development and employment generation (Romero and Fernandez, 2005).

THE CONCEPT OF FUNCTIONAL DEPENDENCE

The concept of functional dependence was first developed by Guzman, Cáceres and Ribeiro (2009). The article notes that this work analyzes the concept origin and destination of inputs and outputs of firms in a territory, differentiating various types of markets: local, regional, national and foreign.

Thus, a company shows extreme functional dependence when all its purchases are made abroad and all of its sales are conducted in the local market. On the contrary, a company that uses local inputs...

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