Content area
Full Text
http://crossmark.crossref.org/dialog/?doi=10.1007/s11356-016-7753-3&domain=pdf
Web End = http://crossmark.crossref.org/dialog/?doi=10.1007/s11356-016-7753-3&domain=pdf
Web End = Environ Sci Pollut Res (2017) 24:527538 DOI 10.1007/s11356-016-7753-3
RESEARCH ARTICLE
Biotreatment of industrial olive washing water by synergetic association of microalgal-bacterial consortia in a photobioreactor
P. Maza-Mrquez1,2 & A. Gonzlez-Martnez3 & M. V. Martnez-Toledo1 & M. Fenice4 &
A. Lasserrot5 & J. Gonzlez-Lpez1
Received: 24 May 2016 /Accepted: 19 September 2016 /Published online: 12 October 2016 # Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2016
Abstract This study presents an effective technology for the olive processing industry to remediate olive washing water. A14.5-L enclosed tubular photobioreactor was inoculated with a stable microalgal-bacterial consortium obtained by screening strains well adapted to olive washing water. The capacity of an enclosed tubular photobioreactor to remove toxic compounds was evaluated under photosynthesis conditions and without any external supply of oxygen. The results showed that the dominant green microalgae Scenedesmus obliquus, Chlorella vulgaris and the cyanobacteria Anabaena sp. and bacteria present in olive washing water (i.e. Pantoea agglomerans and Raoultella terrigena) formed a synergistic association that was resistant to toxic pollutants present in the effluent and during the initial biodegradation process, which resulted in the breakdown of the pollutant. Total phenolic compounds, COD, BOD5, turbidity and colour removals of90.3 11.4, 80.7 9.7, 97.8 12.7, 82.9 8.4 and83.3 10.4 %, respectively, were recorded in the photobioreactor at 3 days of hydraulic retention time.
Keywords Photobioreactor (PBR) . Olive washing water (OWW) . Microalgal-bacterial consortium . Synergistic relationships . Non-metric multidimensional scaling (MDS)
Introduction
The olive oil industry represents the major food sector for Mediterranean countries with the highest worldwide production, according to data from the International Olive Oil Council (IOOC 2015). There are more than 1700 olive mills currently authorized and operating in Spain (IOOC 2015). Moreover, 70 % of the olive oil produced during the 2013 2014 campaign was obtained in Andaluca (Ochando-Pulido and Martinez-Ferez 2015). The significant growth of this industrial sector has generated substantial amounts of wastewaters: olive washing water (OWW) and olive mill wastewater (OMWW) (Cerrone et al. 2011; Ochando-Pulido and Martinez-Ferez 2015). Both wastewaters are quite similar, but OWW contains lower concentration (from 1/10 to 1/50) of pollutants such as chemical oxygen demand (COD) and phenolic compounds than OMWW (Cerrone et al. 2011; Maza-Mrquez et al. 2014). A preliminary washing of the...