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The Bali Sustainable Development Project (BSDP) was one component of an action-oriented five-year development project involving faculty and graduate students at Gadjah Mada University in Java, Udayana University in Bali, and the University of Waterloo in Ontario. Initial consultations regarding the project occurred in both Indonesia and Canada during 1987 and 1988, with the project formally starting in the spring of 1989. It was funded by the Canadian International Development Agency, and was administered by the University Consortium on the Environment (UCE), and the Environmental Management Development in Indonesia (EMDI) project.
UCE had five objectives: (1) institution capacity building to enhance environmental management in Indonesia, (2) human resource development, (3) development of knowledge and methodology, (4) building and strengthening networks, and (5) cooperative activity among the consortium universities. UCE involved two Faculty of Environmental Studies in Canada (University of Waterloo, York University) and three environmental study centres in universities in Java (University of Indonesia, Jakarta; Institute of Technology Bandung; and, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta).
The BSDP was designed to facilitate collaborative work among universities in Canada, Java and Bali, as well as with government agencies and non-governmental organizations in Bali. The purpose was to develop a strategy which would encourage sustainable development, and that could be incorporated into the five year development plan covering 1994 to 1999 for Bali. The background work for, and preparation of, the Bali Sustainable Development Strategy were intended to contribute to achievement of the five UCE objectives outlined in the preceding paragraph.
Bali faces both opportunities and stresses. Rapid tourism growth is generating jobs and revenue for people in both the formal and informal economic sectors. At the same time, this rapid development is causing environmental and social problems. Agriculture, long the mainstay of the economy, is losing land to urban expansion, and to tourism developments. Steady population growth is creating demand for basic infrastructure such as housing, food, water, electricity, transportation, health care and...