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Abstract
The aim of the research was to study the structure, topography of kidneys in Haysex white hens. The kidneys are paired, whole, parenchymal organs that have an elongated shape and are stretched along the hip bone. On kidneys, there is an insignificant division into three parts: cranial, middle and caudal, differing from each other in different widths, heights, and masses. In the hens (male), the right kidney is longer than the left one by 3.5 mm, and in the hens (female) by 3.1 mm. From the ventromedial surface of each kidney, there is a fraction that has a pear shape on the right kidney, and heart shape - on the left kidney. On the ventral surface of each kidney, there are deep vascular depressions for external iliac and sciatic arteries and veins. From the cranioventral surface, the cranial parts of kidneys touch two adrenals, testes in males, and in females, the right kidney touches the left ovary. The purpose of the study: to study anatomical features, topography and kidney structure in Haysex white hens; to describe the characteristics and topography of kidneys in Haysex white hens; to conduct a morphometric analysis of indicators of kidneys in Haysex white hens.
Keywords: kidney, hen, lobes, ureter, pelvic and renal parts, parenchyma.
Introduction
In connection with their origin from reptilian ancestors and with adaptation to flight and movement along the ground, birds have many similar features and specific features in the structure of their organs and systems, as confirmed by the studies by D.P. Prothero [1], A. Feduccia [2], P.M. O 'Connor [3].
Birds, like reptiles, have complex sacrum, metatarsal articulation of pelvic limb, a similar structure of kidneys, the absence of bladder and pelvis. But birds, like warm-blooded vertebrates, have high activity, high level of metabolism, directly related to the features of nutrition and accelerated digestion of food.
Intensive metabolism causes certain functional load on urinary organs, which carry out the primary absorption of the liquid part from food and water in the area of the cloaca, and secondary filtration of concentrated urine takes place in the kidneys. Low-calorie and high-calorie feeding with use of mineral additives [4], fodder stress factors (disruption of mineral metabolism, lack of vitamins) and use of vaccination of birds, can...