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Abstract
Introduction:With a prevalence of approximately 4-10% worldwide, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common gastrointestinal disease characterised by abdominal pain and altered bowel habits. Despite the substantial effect on patient’s quality of life and high costs to health care services, new treatment strategies for IBS are relatively poor.
Objective:To clarify the effectiveness of faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) in the treatment of IBS and, importantly, to identify which is the most clinically efficient administration procedure.
Design:A literature search was carried out on Cochrane, MEDLINE, Scopus and Web of Science databases. Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) recruiting adult patients with IBS that compared FMT with placebo were eligible. Data were pooled to obtain a relative risk (RR) of symptom improvement, with a 95% confidence interval (CI). The quality of the evidence for each outcome was assessed using Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) system.
Results:Seven RCTs (489 participants with age range between 25 and 63) met the eligibility requirements for our systematic review and meta-analysis. Although FMT seems not to be effective in global improvement of IBS symptoms, subgroup analysis shows that FMT through gastroscopy or nasojejunal tube are effective on IBS treatment (RR 3.03; 95% CI 1.94-4.73; I2 = 10%, p < 0.00001). When considering non-oral FMT administration, patients with constipation symptoms are likely to benefit from FMT administration for IBS treatment (p = 0.003 for the difference between subgroups). Fresh faecal material and bowel preparation seem also to have an impact on FMT efficacy (p = 0.03 and p = 0.01, respectively).
Conclusion:Our meta-analysis revealed, for the first time, a set of critical steps with potential impact on the effectiveness of FMT as clinical procedure to treat IBS.





