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Abstract
Objectives:Up to 20% of total knee arthroplasty (TKA) patients remain dissatisfied, with chronic pain as the most frequently named cause. A pilot study was conducted to assess the progress of peri-operative pain intensity after TKA and the parallel development of different psychological factors and coping strategies, as well as correlations indicating potential interrelationships.
Design and Methods:Prior to TKA surgery, individual psychological experience and pain history, and the presence of chronic pain not concerning the knee (e.g. migraine, back pain) were inquired. Also, progressive changes of pain (11-point numeric rating scale; NRS), psychological impairment ( “questionnaire to record pain processing and pain impairment”, German acronym: FESV BE), and pain coping strategies (“questionnaire to record pain processing and coping repertoire”, German acronym: FESV BW) were assessed from 5 days before to 31 days after TKA. After distinguishing participants with pain improvement (group 1) from those without improvement or even aggravation (group 2) a possible contribution of dysfunctional coping strategies to the lack of pain improvement was addressed by comparing the results of the German versions of the “Toronto Alexithymia Scale” (TAS) and “screening for somatoform disorders”(SOMS) questionnaires in group 2 to standard values.
Observations and Results:Pain intensity in group 1 decreased from significantly higher pre-operative and early post-operative levels to significantly lower long-term post-operative values, whereas group 2 did not show significant changes. Concurrently, the psychological impairment parameter anxiety (AN) significantly decreased and the pain coping parameter relaxation (RE) significantly increased in group 1, but not in group 2. Whereas pre-operative pain was positively and significantly correlated with AN throughout time in group 2, it was negatively correlated with RE at day 36 in group 1. Concerning TAS and SOMS, considerable percentages of the participants in group 2 (37.5% and 68.75%, respectively) showed values ">" 50 % of those in normal controls.
Conclusions:Parallel (or anti-parallel) and partially correlated developments of pain improvement and parameters of psychological impairment or coping strategies after TKA suggest a pre-operative screening with tools like the FESV BE and BW or TAS and SOMS questionnaires in order to classify individuals for peri-operative psychological training.





