Content area
Abstract
Background and GoalsThe aging society and an increasing number of chronically ill persons emphasize the growing importance of and need for an appropriate palliative care. A nationwide provision of palliative services as well as an adequate knowledge and understanding in the public about the options and advantages of palliative care are the prerequisites for such services to be asked for. In order to develop strategies how to better convey its goals and issues, it needs to be determined to which extent palliative care is known to the public, how sociodemograhic characteristics and private and/or professional experiences influence such knowledge, which understanding and which perceptions the public has about palliative care, and whether its full scope of tasks is known or its picture is incomplete or (partly) wrong.
MethodsIn order to obtain a comprehensive understanding of the perception of palliative medicine in the public, a qualitative research design was chosen. The present study combines two data collection methods - an open online survey and pedestrian surveys carried out in the pedestrian zones of five cities. Besides sociodemographic characteristics, knowledge, experiences as well as the understanding and perceptions of the respondents of palliative care were examined. The exported data of the online survey as well as the transcripts of the pedestrian surveys served as a data basis, which were individually processed and evaluated by means of the software program MAXQDA. The survey data served to characterize the study population whereas the qualitative data were inductively evaluated following the principles of the qualitative content analysis of Mayring (2015) by means of inductive categorization. The data of the online survey were analyzed first. Subsequently, the resulting categories were applied to the data obtained from the pedestrian surveys and, if necessary, inductively adapted.
Results1006 respondents completed the online survey. Out of those, 5.7 % could not classify correctly palliative care (52.6 % female, average age 33.4 years, 43.9 % aged between 21 and 30 years). 93.1 % had knowledge of palliative care and described their understanding and perceptions thereof. Thus, 937 data records were evaluated (74.9 % female, average age 43 years, 39.2 % active in the healthcare sector). The evaluation of the qualitative contents resulted in a wide range of perceptions. As recipients of palliative care, most often persons with incurable diseases and dying persons were mentioned. Only 0.6 % of the respondents mentioned that palliative care can also be integrated at an early point of time, in parallel to curative treatments. Much more frequently, palliative care was perceived as a final care after finishing curative, life-prolonging therapies. Terminal care was mentioned by 20 %, half of them reducing the task profile to terminal care exclusively. 59.6 % realized symptom control as a key task, but pain control (43.1 %) was mentioned predominantly. 17 % even exclusively described palliative care in terms of a pain therapy. Improving the quality of life was considered by 28 % to be a key task, 12.5 % mentioned the integration of relatives, and 6.1 % knew about the holistic approach of palliative care. Predominantly the medical component of palliative care was mentioned. Only 1.5 % referred to the option of an ambulant care at home. Most respondents only mentioned an in-patient care. Core values of palliative care like respect for dignity (7.7 %) and self-determination (4 %) were added in the context of describing its services. The provision of care was mainly emphasised in a positive way, only occasionally certain aspects were criticized.





