Content area
Abstract
1.1 Background Myocarditis is the most common cause of sudden cardiac death in the young from 1 to 18 years and a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the pediatric population. Vigorous exercise after myocarditis carries a risk of sudden cardiac death. This is a consequence of the myocardial involvement during a viral infection being higher during intensive exertion. There are no major studies on exercise and myocarditis. European and American recommendations for return to sports have so far been mainly based on cohort and case studies, animal models or expert opinions. In this work, the connection between physical activity and the occurrence of myocarditis as well as the adherence to recommendations, i.e. patient compliance, is being evaluated.
1.2 Methods Basis of the present study is the MYKKE-registry (National Registry of the German Pediatric Cardiology Society). Every patient of the registry who fulfilled the including criteria of myocarditis (elevated troponin level and/or ECG abnormalities) received a questionnaire regarding sporting activity, recommendations and compliance for the time before, around the onset and after the myocarditis. The MYKKE-registry provided anamnestic, MRI, echocardiography, biopsy and laboratory records from every patient included in the study.
1.3 Results 58 patients could be enrolled in the survey between June 2020 and June 2021. The average age was 14.6 years, 38 patients were male and 20 female. Before the onset of myocarditis most of them participated in school or kindergarten sports, 36% in competitive sports. No difference of heart function between the physically active and inactive young people could be found. The recommendations for resuming physical activity varied widely and less than half of them followed the current guidelines. Only few patients received the recommended check-ups before returning to exercise. The compliance to the given recommendations was high.
1.4 Conclusion Physical exertion and resumption of sport within 3 to 6 months after myocarditis did not lead to significant negative effects on the health of the subjects in this study nor were there complications or relapses. Physical activity did not lead to a more severe form of the disease.
The actual recommendations given by health-care providers differed greatly from the current recommendations. As stated in the ESC Guidelines 2020,the aim is to be able to expand the strict, restrictive, often fearful sports bans with more suitable, more generous recommendations after an examination of the fitness for sports. However, in most cases the examination of the fitness for sports was incomplete, thus increasing the risk of missing malignant arrhythmias. Both, return to sports as well as the minimum requirements of examinations, must be followed more closely in order to guide patients towards a healthy future after myocarditis.





