Izvori Savremene Mitopoetike: Vilijam Moris Džordž Mekdonald K. S. Luis i dž R. R. Tolkin

Abstract

Diseratcija nastoji da pruži analizu literarnog djelovanja četiri autora: Vilijama Morisa, Džordža Mekdonalda, K.S. Luisa i Dž.R.R. Tolkina, odnosno grupe pisaca koji se ubrajaju među vodeće utemeljivače moderne mitopoetike. U svom prvom dijelu rad stavlja akcenat na sam pojavu fantazije, njen nastanak i puteve razvoja od najranijih vremena: tretiraju se problemi formiranja samoga pojma, začeci govora i njegove ključne uloge u formiranju priče, nezaobilazno prisutne posljedice podcjenjivačkog odnosa prema literarnim plodovima izmaštavanja, kao i teoretska analiza i pokušaji definisanja čijem konačnom rješenju se ni danas ne nazire kraj. Drugi dio usresređuje se na dva savremenika, Vilijama Morisa i Džordža Mekdonalda. Prateći njihove životno bitne momente, uvjerenja, iskustva, stavove, ideje i umjetnička stremljenja ispoljena u tekstovima u kojima se na individualan način razvija i razrađuje Propov sistem, prožimaju religijski aspeki, ispoljava lični odnos prema idealu herojstva, ženskom principu, dobru i zlu, životu i smrti disertacija nastoji da prepozna i izdvoji najznačajnije momente presudne za oblikovanje svih onih književnih rezultata nastalih djelovanjem sljedbenika i poklonika njihove pisane riječi. Treći dio akcenatuje stvaralaštvo dva danas svakako veoma prisutna i nezaobilazno značajna pisca – K.S. Luisa i Dž.R.R. Tolkina. Prijatelji čije dugogodišnje poznanstvo, iskustva ratnih događanja i trauma, ljubav prema hrišćanstvu, mitovima, legendama i drugim oblicima fantastičnog izraza obrazuju nesvakidašnji materijal za konstruisanje Srednje zemlje i Narnije predstavljaju možda i najdominantnija uzora u procesima obrazovanja novih tokova u oblasti savremene fikcije za mlađe, ali i nešto starije konzumente, te zasigurno djeluju kao svjetionici prema kojima moderni pisci određuju i preispituju kurs sopstvenog stvaralaštva.

Centralna ideja istraživanja ogleda se u prevashodnoj namjeri pružanja doprinosa jasnijempregledu dosadašnjeg razvoja moderne mitopoetičke fantazije, ali i anticipacijipotencijalnih pravaca njenog daljeg nadograđivanja i modifikovanja. Ostvareni rezultatidefinišu i objašnjavaju najdominantnije razloge zbog kojih se Vilijam Moris, DžordžMekdonald, K.S.Luis, Dž.R.R. Tolkin danas neizostavno prepoznaju kao pisci bez kojihknjiževnost za young adults sigurno ne bi bila onakvom kakvom je poznajemo.Konkretnijim uvezivanjem ova četiri autora stiče se uvid u sličnosti i razlike unutar samog njihovog djelovanja, te tako daje skroman doprinos konkretnijem sagledavanju jednog odtrenutno veoma živog i veoma zelenog ogranka besmrtnog Drveta bajki.

Alternate abstract:

The dissertation strives to provide an analysis of four authors: William Morris, George McDonald, C.S. Lewis and J.R.R. Tolkien, the group of writers who are often classified as the leading founders of modern fantasy. In its first part, the dissertation emphasizes the very emergence of fantasy, its origins and the development stages from the earliest times, examining the problems of speech formation and its key role in storytelling, the inevitable consequences of the undervaluation of literary fantasy, as well as theoretical analysis and definition attempts that still exist. The second part focuses on two contemporaries, William Morris and George MacDonald. By examining crucial moments of their lives, their beliefs, experiences, attitudes, ideas and artistic aspirations, the way they applied, developed and elaborated Prop’s morphology, introduced religious aspects and manifested a personal understanding of the ideal of heroism, female principle, good and evil, life and death, the dissertation seeks to identify the most significant moments in shaping all those literary results brought forth by the followers and admirers of their written word. The third part seeks to emphasize the ingenious creativity of two significant writers - C.S. Lewis and J.R.R. Tolkien. Friends and colleagues whose long-standing acquaintance, shared war experiences and traumas, love for Christianity, myths, legends and other forms of fantastic expression formed the extraordinary material for constructing Middle Earth and Narnia, represent perhaps the most dominant role models in the process of establishing new trends in the field of modern mythopoeia, and they certainly act as beacons by which modern writers determine and re-evaluate the course of their own creativity.

The central idea behind this research resides in the field of clearer understanding of modern mythopoeia and its development, including the anticipation of potential directions of its transformation and modification. The obtained results should explain why William Morris, George McDonald, K.S. Lewis and J.R.R. Tolkien remain writers without whom young adults literature would certainly look very different. A thorough analysis of the connections between these four authors gives an insight into the similarities and differences of their imaginative worlds, and thus makes a modest contribution to overall appreciation of one currently very live and very green branch of the immortal Tree of Fairy Tales.