Content area
Abstract
Preeclampsia is a pregnancy-specific disorder clinically characterized by hypertension and proteinuria that occurs after 20 weeks of gestation. Affecting 5% of pregnancies, it remains one of the leading causes of both maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality worldwide. Preeclampsia covers a spectrum of conditions, with eclampsia (its convulsive form) and HELLP syndrome representing its most severe forms. Despite recent advances in the field of angiogenesis and anti-angiogenesis in preeclampsia, urine and serum measurements of circulating angiogenic proteins have not provided a reliable screening tool for preeclampsia with current techniques. Emerging evidence suggests that podocyte plays a critical role in the evolution of kidney injury in this disorder. Studies of human tissue show that the expressions of podocyte-specific proteins (including nephrin and synaptopodin) are severely affected by preeclampsia. In addition, the detection of podocyte products and live podocytes in the urine (podocyturia) may serve as clinically useful tools for prediction and diagnosis of preeclampsia. Identification of podocytes using the techique of culturing and staining of urinary sediments is time consuming and requires special expertise. To overcome these limitations, a new technique using Mass spectrometry was developed that allows to confirm the presence of urinary podocytes trough identification of the podocyte-specific proteins. In addition, it was shown that women with preeclamptic pregnancies demonstrate signs of small vessel disease and less favorable cardiovascular risk profile both at the time of delivery and years after their affected pregnancies. One possible mechanism for this relationship is that hypertensive pregnancy disorders (preeclampsia, in particular) and CVD share several common risk factors (obesity, diabetes mellitus, and renal disease) or, alternatively, hypertension in pregnancy may induce long-term metabolic and vascular abnormalities that may increase and overall risk for cardiovascular disease later in life.Therefore, improved screening, preventive and treatment strategies may both optimize management of hypertensive pregnancy disorders, and may have long-term impact on women's cardiovascular events and outcomes years after the affected pregnancies.





