Etude des associations entre le developpement cognitif et la qualite de l'environnement familial dans la population inuit du Nunavik

Abstract

Depuis plusieurs décennies, les recherches américaines traitant du développement de l'enfant se sont intéressées aux associations entre la qualité de l'environnement familial et le développement cognitif. Plus récemment, les travaux américains s'appliquent à mieux circonscrire ces associations en considérant l'appartenance ethnique des participants. Cet intérêt suscite une prolifération de travaux dans la population mondiale. La présente recherche s'inscrit dans ce courant. Elle vise à vérifier la présence & associations entre la qualité de l'environnement familial, mesuré au moyen du HOME, et le développement cognitif chez 48 enfants inuit vivant au Nunavik et âgés entre 44 et 57 semaines. Trois mesures de performance cognitive sont utilisées, le MDI, le degré de vigilance et la notion de permanence de l'objet. Les résultats révèlent une association entre le niveau d'acception maternel et la permanence de l'objet. Les résultats sont interprétés dans une optique psychoanthropologique.

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For several decades, American research dealing with child development has focused on the associations between the quality of the family environment and cognitive development. More recently, American work has focused on better circumscribing these associations by considering the ethnicity of the participants. This interest arouses a proliferation of works in the world population. This research is part of this trend. It aims to verify the presence & associations between the quality of the family environment, measured using the HOME, and cognitive development in 48 Inuit children living in Nunavik and aged between 44 and 57 weeks. Three measures of cognitive performance are used, the MDI, the degree of vigilance and the notion of object permanence. The results reveal an association between the level of maternal acceptance and object permanence. The results are interpreted from a psychoanthropological perspective.