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Abstract
The purpose of this research was to create bio-based non-isocyanate polyurethane (Bio-NIPU) resins derived from the tannin of Acacia mangium Willd. bark for the impregnation of ramie fibres (Boehmeria nivea L.) and to investigate the properties of impregnated fibres. Tannin was extracted from the bark of A. mangium using hot water. Tannin-bio-NIPU resin was created using dimethyl carbonate and hexamine. Based on the findings, it is possible to conclude that tannin extract from the bark of Acacia mangium can be used effectively as a renewable alternative to toxic polyols in the development of tannin-Bio-NIPU resins. FTIR spectroscopy was used to confirm the urethane bond formed on the tannin-Bio-NIPU resins. Thermal and mechanical analysis were used to investigate the properties of tannin-Bio-NIPU resins and ramie fibres before and after impregnation. This study shows that the impregnation time of ramie fiber using tannin-Bio-NIPU resins is 30 minutes. The reaction between tannin-Bio-NIPU resins with ramie fiber forms the C=O urethane group as confirmed by FTIR Spectroscopy. The characterization results show that tannin-Bio-NIPU resins has ability to modify ramie fiber via impregnation in order to increase its mechanical properties, thus enhancing its potential for wider industrial application as a functional material.
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1 IPB University, Faculty of Forestry and Environment, Department of Forest Product, Jl. Raya Dramaga Kampus IPB Dramaga Bogor, ID-16680 West Java, Indonesia; Research Center for Biomass and Bioproducts, National Research and Innovation Agency, Cibinong Science Center, West Java, ID-16911, Indonesia
2 Research Center for Biomass and Bioproducts, National Research and Innovation Agency, Cibinong Science Center, West Java, ID-16911, Indonesia; Research Collaboration Center for Biomass and Biorefinery Between BRIN and Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor, West Java, ID-40600, Indonesia
3 IPB University, Faculty of Forestry and Environment, Department of Forest Product, Jl. Raya Dramaga Kampus IPB Dramaga Bogor, ID-16680 West Java, Indonesia
4 Technical University in Zvolen, Faculty of Wood Sciences and Technology, SK-96001 Zvolen, Slovak Repubic
5 Universitas Sumatera Utara, Faculty of Forestry, Padang Bulan, North Sumatra, ID-20355, Indonesia
6 Research Collaboration Center for Biomass and Biorefinery Between BRIN and Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor, West Java, ID-40600, Indonesia; Universitas Padjadjaran, Department of Agro-industrial Technology, Jatinangor, ID-40600, Indonesia
7 Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Cawangan Pahang Kampus Jengka, Faculty of Applied Sciences, MY-26400 Bandar Tun Razak, Pahang, Malaysia