大变化时代的地图学

Abstract

当前，地图学同其他科学(如地理学)一样处在一个大变革时代。在地图学不断进步的同时，也出现了各种各样的“思潮”或“观点”，地图学是否被边缘化了？地图学应该向何处去？这是测绘地理信息学界和业界都十分关心的问题。本文首先简要梳理了地图学发展的历史进程，回顾了地图学史上的三次崛起，不忘过去才能继往开来，回顾地图学的历史是为了让地图学更好地走向未来; 其次，从地图学学科体系、地图设计的新理念新思维和新方法、智能地图制图综合及多尺度级联更新、地图的社会影响力、地图学发展的不竭动力等方面，分析了当代地图学的发展成就; 然后，强调了地图哲学思维对地图学创新发展的引领作用，侧重分析了人工智能推动地图学发展、时空大数据可视化及可视化设计的研究重点等; 最后，分析认为，地图学必将沿着高度分化和高度综合的整体化方向快速发展，地图学再度崛起是时代之大势。

Alternate abstract:

Currently, cartography, as well as other disciplines such as geography, is at a time of great revolution. While cartography is making progress continuously, various "trend of thoughts" and "points of view" appear, such as "is cartography marginalized?" and "where should cartography go?" These arise great concerns in the circles of both academy and industry of geoinformation. To answer the questions, firstly, this paper briefly introduces the development history of cartography, including reviewing the three times of rise in the history of cartography. It is not forgetting the past that can go to the future successfully. A review of the history of cartography is for the purpose of making cartography walk to the future better. Secondly, the achievements of contemporary cartography are analyzed, including the discipline systems of cartography, new minds, new thoughts and new methods in cartography, intelligent map generalization and cascade renewal of multiscale maps, social influences of maps, and inexhaustible driving forces of cartography development. It is to know present that can start a good future. Finally, to play the leading role of cartographic philosophy in innovative development of cartography, the paper addresses the development of cartography promoted by artificial intelligence and the achievements in visualization of spatio-temporal big data and visual design. It deems that cartography will certainly develop at an integrated direction of both high differentiation and high synthetization, and the rerise of cartography is the great trend of the time.