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Abstract
Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer in males and the second most common cancer in females worldwide. It is developed initially from abnormal mucosal proliferation and over time it progresses to polyp and eventually may develop into invasive cancer. According to many studies, one of the risk factors for CRC is body fat mass (FM) which in most studies was valued by body mass index (BMI; weight/height2 ) or waist circumference (WC). Those parameters are not a sufficient feature of body composition (BC) or muscle strength. For this reason, the risk associated with body fat mass and muscle strength has not been fully elucidated.
Aim: To evaluate the association of BC and handgrip strength in colonic polyp types among the Israeli population with an average risk for colorectal cancer.
Methods: A case-control study that included the average risk population for CRC. Participants, 40-80 years old who participated in previous metabolic and hepatic examinations between the years 2010-2015 and agreed to participate in a follow-up study during the years 2017- 2020. In the study, 221 participants were sampled by convenient sampling in the department of gastroenterology and hepatology of the Tel-Aviv medical center. Colorectal polyps were diagnosed and evaluated by colonoscopy, anthropometric and metabolic parameters were measured by body measurements, blood tests, bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA), and hand-grip strength measured by a dynamometer. A multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed.
Results: The significant findings were found among women with any polyps who presented a higher risk of sarcopenia compared to control (OR=2.81, 95% CI:1.04-7.53, P=0.037), and surprisingly, a protective association with body fat percent (OR=0.23, 95% CI:0.05-0.99, P=0.048). On the other hand, cases with any polyp and with adenomas tended to have lower hand-grip strength and a lower skeletal muscle mass index (SMI) as compared to controls, but it did not reach statistical significance. Additionally, Adenomas cases showed a higher prevalence of sarcopenia as compared to controls, but not significantly.
Conclusions: participants with colonic polyp tend to have lower muscle mass, lower muscle strength, and a higher risk of sarcopenia especially in women. Nevertheless, Further studies are needed to explore these associations.
