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Abstract
In the first part of the experiments the crystal quality of SiC single crystals depending on various growth parameters like temperature, doping, or growth direction was investigated. In the second part the lattice parameters in dependence of different dopants and doping concentrations were determined. The main issue of this work was the determination of lattice parameters of SiC at elevated temperatures up to 1500◦C. They play a major role for the understanding of defect generation during crystal growth or at annealing procedures in the processing of electronic devices.
Most of the measurements have been performed on samples with a volume larger than several mm3 . The diffraction of x-rays and neutrons is an excellent method to study structural properties in bulk material. The investigation of big bulk samples in transmission geometry requires the use of neutrons or high energy x-rays. For that reason most of the experiments have been performed on a triple-axis-diffractometer with a photon energy of 59.3 keV (characteristic Kα-line of tungsten), which was built up at the Institute for Crystallography and Structural Physics at the university of Erlangen-Nürnberg. The diffractometer and corresponding software were modified to reach the accuracy required for the lattice parameter measurements. High energy x-rays allow for a ready use of absorbing sample environments like high temperature furnaces. A furnace was designed, which can reach temperatures up to 1500◦C without introducing too much absorbing material in the path of the x-ray beam. All measurements have been carried out in cooperation with the crystal growers from the DFG research group ’SiC als Halbleitermaterial: Alternative Wege in Züchtung und Dotierung’. Most samples were provided through this collaboration.
Experimental Setup
The triple-axis-diffractometer was modified for the use with a high temperature furnace to allow for the positioning of samples with a size of 4 × 4 cm2 in the x-ray beam. The use of a triple-axis-diffractometer excludes errors in the determination of the scattering angle due to a misalignment of the sample. Data for precise reciprocal space maps can be collected. High energy x-rays facilitate the use of absorbing sample environments. A high temperature furnace was designed and built for the high temperature measurements. Temperatures up to 1500◦C (1773 K) are reached routinely. Only 2 mm of aluminium and 2 mm of graphite are introduced into the x-ray beam. This corresponds to an absorption of 22% for 60 keV x-rays. The control of the furnace has been integrated in the software of the diffractometer.
Growth along [001]- and [015]-direction
Two 6H-SiC crystals grown along [001]- and [015]-direction, have been investigated concerning mosaicity and curvature of lattice planes. The growth of a polycrystalline ring around the single crystal was suppressed by using a graphite shaper in the growth chamber. In the non-facetted region the crystals show a high curvature of the morphological growth front, which does not lead to a curvature of the lattice planes.





