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Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder associated with motor, cognitive and affective impairments. Importantly, non-motor symptoms may have a greater impact on quality of life than motor symptoms. Deep brain stimulation (DBS) or lesions are increasingly applied as a neurosurgical treatment for PD, when motor symptoms can no longer be sufficiently controlled with medication. A patient's neuropsychological profile contributes to preoperative risk assessment and plays a pivotal role in assessing candidacy for DBS. Pre-existing cognitive impairment has been associated with worse outcome after DBS and cognitive factors are a leading reason for why patients with PD are not offered DBS. The main objective of this thesis was to explore and characterize cognitive impairment in patients with advanced PD who are candidates for DBS. As part of the selection process for DBS, 159 patients with PD underwent a comprehensive neuropsychological evaluation encompassing measures in attention, executive, memory, language and visuospatial domains. The first study addresses the frequency and pattern of cognitive impairment to establish a cognitive profile. We demonstrate that cognitive impairment in a preoperative population of patients with PD is both prevalent and heterogeneous and proposed a new subtyping of mild cognitive impairment (PD-MCI) based on a spectrum of severity. The second study addresses the utility of a brief neuropsychological assessment for detecting PD-MCI in preoperative patients. This study revealed that comprehensive neuropsychological assessment is required to fully capture PD-MCI and the broader cognitive profile in preoperative patients. Taken together, the results from these two studies contribute to further understanding of the heterogeneity of cognitive impairment in PD, and have important clinical implications in the context of DBS in terms of risk assessment, patient selection, surgical decision making and patient management.





