Pathophysiology and treatment of hypovolaemia and hypovolaemic shock

Abstract

Why you should read this article

• • To familiarise yourself with the pathophysiology of hypovolaemia
• • To recognise the signs and symptoms of hypovolaemic shock
• • To refresh your knowledge of the treatment pathways for hypovolaemia and hypovolaemic shock

Hypovolaemia involves a fall in circulatory volume resulting from a loss of blood, plasma and/or plasma fluid, which is caused by internal or external haemorrhage. In turn, hypovolaemic shock occurs as a result of insufficient oxygen supply and is associated with significant mortality. Therefore, it is essential that nurses have a comprehensive understanding of the presentation, progression and treatment of hypovolaemia and hypovolaemic shock. This article details the physiology and development of hypovolaemia and hypovolaemic shock, and uses a case study to demonstrate an appropriate assessment and treatment pathway.