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The present study aimed to investigate the role of mindfulness and resilience as predictors of subjective well-being among university students of Pakistan and Russia. It was also intended to determine the comparative differences among Pakistani and Russian university students. The sample comprised of 496 university students including 306 from Pakistan and 190 from Russia with age range 20-35 years (M=24.5, SD=5.62). Mindfulness Attention Awareness Scale (Brown & Ryan, 2003), Ego-Resiliency Scale (Block & Kremen, 1996), and Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale (Tennant et al., 2006) were used to assess the sample. Results showed that mindfulness was positively associated with resilience and subjective well-being; while resilience was positively related with subjective well-being in both samples. Findings also showed that relationship between mindfulness and subjective-wellbeing was moderated by resilience. Moreover, men showed more resilience and better subjective well-being as compared to women across Pakistani and Russian samples. However, non-significant gender differences were observed on mindfulness among Russian students; while Pakistani male students expressed higher scores on mindfulness. Findings further showed that, Russian students displayed elevated levels of resilience and subjective well-being as compared to Pakistani students; conversely non-significant cultural differences existed on mindfulness.
Keywords. Mindfulness, resilience, subjective well-being, university students
Mindfulness and resilience are psychological strengths that can enhance subjective well-being of individuals. In the clinical settings, mindfulness and resilience constructs have been used as important tools of interventions to treat several psychological disorders (depression, stress, and post-traumatic stress disorder) that are caused because of trauma or stressful life events. Therefore, the present study aimed to determine the contribution of mindfulness and resilience in predicting subjective well-being. Culture influences virtually every aspect of life, from one's general perspective or outlook on the world to the understanding of what constitutes socially acceptable behavior. Culture is generally reflected in the form of shared motives, values, beliefs, identities, and interpretations or meanings of significant events that result from common experiences of members of collectives that are transmitted across generations (House, Hanges, Javida, Dorfman, & Gupta, 2004). People in Asian collectivistic cultures are said to have an interdependent self-concept that emphasizes concerns with interpersonal connectedness, caring for others, and social conformity. However, people in individualistic cultures are said to have an independent self-concept that emphasizes concerns with autonomy, meeting of personal...