Factors influencing the use of outcome measures in physical therapy practice

Background and Purpose. Use of outcome measures in physical therapy practice is central to demonstrating the effectiveness of treatment interventions, providing accountability and addressing the quality of physical therapy programs. There is limited discussion on the barriers and facilitators to using outcome measures in physical therapy practice. The purpose of this study therefore was to identify the factors that influence a physical therapist when deciding to use outcome measures in clinical practice.

Subjects. Participants were 21 physical therapists, seven each from skilled nursing facilities, out-patient clinics and in-patient rehabilitation facilities.

Design and Methods. A grounded theory approach was used for interview and data collection. Common themes were determined from the data and a theory developed to explain the rationale behind physical therapists' decisions to use or not use outcome measures in the clinical setting.

Results. Four themes were identified that were related to concepts of time, knowledge, facility culture and professionalism. During data analysis it emerged that therapists require more information on the many outcome measures that are available and that information needs to be easily accessible within the workplace.

Conclusions. Therapists value the information generated by using outcome measures in the clinical setting, but they need information on what measures are available and psychometric properties. Information must be easily accessible and measures easy to use. Newer graduates and recent learners have a foundation in the use of outcome measures, but more needs to be done in the work setting and through continuing education to promote increased use and understanding.