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Cell Stress and Chaperones (2015) 20:313
DOI 10.1007/s12192-014-0543-2
MINI REVIEW
Effects of allopurinol on exercise-induced muscle damage: new therapeutic approaches?
F. Sanchis-Gomar & H. Pareja-Galeano & C. Perez-Quilis &
A. Santos-Lozano & C. Fiuza-Luces & N. Garatachea &
G. Lippi & A. Lucia
Received: 15 August 2014 /Revised: 22 August 2014 /Accepted: 25 August 2014 /Published online: 3 September 2014 # Cell Stress Society International 2014
Abstract Intensive muscular activity can trigger oxidative stress, and free radicals may hence be generated by working skeletal muscle. The role of the enzyme xanthine oxidase as a generating source of free radicals is well documented and therefore is involved in the skeletal muscle damage as well as in the potential transient cardiovascular damage induced by high-intensity physical exercise. Allopurinol is a purine hypoxanthine-based structural analog and a well-known inhibitor of xanthine oxidase. The administration of the xanthine oxidase inhibitor allopurinol may hence be regarded as
F. Sanchis-Gomar (*) : H. Pareja-GaleanoDepartment of Physiology, University of Valencia, Av. Blasco Ibaez, 15, Valencia 46010, Spaine-mail: [email protected]
F. Sanchis-Gomar : H. Pareja-GaleanoFundacin Investigacin Hospital Clnico Universitario/INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
C. Perez-QuilisUniversity Research Institute Dr. Via Giner, Molecular and Mitochondrial Medicine, Catholic University of Valencia San Vicente Mrtir, Valencia, Spain
A. Santos-LozanoDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, University of Len, Len, Spain
A. Santos-Lozano : C. Fiuza-Luces : N. Garatachea : A. Lucia Research Institute of Hospital 12 de Octubre (i + 12), Madrid, Spain
C. Fiuza-Luces : A. Lucia European University, Madrid, Spain
N. GaratacheaUniversity of Zaragoza, Huesca, Spain
G. LippiLaboratory of Clinical Chemistry and Hematology, Academic Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy
promising, safe, and an economic strategy to decrease transient skeletal muscle damage (as well as heart damage, when occurring) in top-level athletes when administered before a competition or a particularly high-intensity training session. Although continuous administration of allopurinol in high-level athletes is not recommended due to its possible role in hampering training-induced adaptations, the drug might be useful in non-athletes. Exertional rhabdomyolysis is the most common form of rhabdomyolysis and affects individuals participating in a type of intense exercise to which they are not accustomed. This condition can cause exercise-related myoglobinuria, thus increasing the risk of acute renal failure and is also associated with sickle cell trait. In this manuscript, we have...